Baha'i - distinct, universal religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Baha'i - distinct, universal religion - Essay Example In accordance to Bahaullah, God had set historical forces which were collapsing conventional and customary barricade of ethnic group, rank, article of faith and nation which would help to give rise to universal civilization. The main challenge confronted by the humanity is to recognize and acknowledge unification and to assist in its promotion. Bahaullah gave particular emphasis on the issue of bias and partiality. The heart of his message was to call for communal harmony and companionship among different and diverse states, cultures and people (Perkins & Hainworth, 30). Three primary teachings constitute the foundations for Bahai teaching and doctrine which are the oneness of God, unification of religion and unification of entire humanity. God’s message is revived and revitalized in humanity through the use of several people. These people have the wisdom and guidance to improve the morality of human beings. Religion is an evolutionary process according to the Bahai faith as the requirements of the different ages stress the need for moral schemes. The Bahai faith describes God as beyond understanding and considered to be a great entity. The Creator is Greatest and the creation cannot know about Him because there is something that surpasses the grasp of human mind. To assist human beings so that they learn about God’s nature, manifestations are sent to them (Miller, 65). The Bahai faith incorporates the belief that God send these manifestations to instruct and alert humanity. The Bahai writings in particular recognize Abraham, Moses, Muhammad, Zoroaster, Buddha, etc as manifestations (Miller, 84). Bahai Faith claims that God is the creator of the world and everything present within it is His reflection and attribution. The Bahai scriptures define the human soul as eternal and have characteristics of all God’s qualities but these qualities live only potentially until and unless they are developed.

Coaching Plan for Addressing a Key Employee Behavior Term Paper

Coaching Plan for Addressing a Key Employee Behavior - Term Paper Example In addition, it is never obvious that the new employee will turn out to be more productive and thus the manager might have to go through the same expensive process severally before obtaining a productive workforce. On the other hand, coaching enables a company to utilize the resources for its betterment since the productivity of the employee is increased without having to undergo costs of hiring and training new employees. In most instances, the employees only require minimal coaching to realize their faults or weaknesses. Adopting the option of coaching employees other than firing also increases the job satisfaction and loyalty of employees towards the employer. There are several coaching strategies, but they all aim at improving the performance of employee both qualitatively and quantitatively hence overall organization success (Emerson and Loehr 5-10). This paper is a case study of Joan, an employee in research institute, who has a problem with her productivity but is adamant abou t her performance. She does not appear to be well organized and constantly misses meeting deadlines. The paper seeks to establish a five step coaching process that can be used to assist Joan improve her performance. Joan is a research assistant in a medical research institute and has been working with the institute for the last one year. Joan was employed immediately after graduating and received minimal training since she was academically qualified. She also had some experience in medical research as she had attended a three months attachment in a different medical research institute during her college training. Her roles include visiting hospitals to collect samples for laboratory tests, recording the results, and writing the reports on the research experiments. Some reports are required for publishing thus strict deadlines are occasionally set. From the start, Joan has never been prompt enough in forwarding the reports, which has resulted in delaying the publishing process hence lowering the overall performance of the institute. Another problem is that her reports are disorganized at times such that the chief technician has to correct several errors before publishing. The chief technician realized Joan’s problem and wanted her sacked by the management. However, the manager felt that the poor performance was because Joan was new in the company and thus suggested they give her some time to get oriented after which they would asses her productivity. Seven month later, Joan’s performance improved slightly but she was still disorganized and failed to meet deadlines quite often, which worried the manager. At one time, the manager had moved her to a different position but he noticed she disliked the position, seemed unsatisfied and her performance had not changed. The manager realized that sacking Joan would not be the appropriate solution since he has used this strategy severally while attempting to replace underperforming employees, but he keeps en countering the same problem or a different problem with new employees. The Manager thus decided to try a different approach of coaching which had been suggested to him some time back but he had ignored it thinking it was time consuming and expensive. When he first requested Joan to see him, she gladly accepted. However, when the manager told her of his

Performance Management Cycle Properties

Performance Management Cycle Properties The performance management cycle is a premiere technique used by many companies to guide their performance management system. It is regarded as a continuous, future oriented and participative system; as an ongoing cycle of criteria setting, monitoring, informal feedback from supervisors and peer, formal multisource assessment, diagnosis and review action planning and development resourcing (Bach1999; Williams 2002). The Performance Management cycle involves a continuous learning process as stated by Kaufman, R., Thiagarajan, S., MacGillis, P.1997 Performance is not a one shot process, it is ongoing. The continuous improvement and quality management process is vital. An organisations survival depends on it to be done correctly and consistently. Though the above authors identified that it is a continuous process Bach1999; Williams 2002 went on to say that it is far more than a simple process, there are many facets of this cycle. The Performance Management cycle comprises of planning, monitoring, developing, rating and rewarding and back to planning again Neely (1998), but on the other hand, many view performance management to be one step process of appraising the individual only, but as the following cycle explains there is more to performance management than appraising. This cycle provides a framework to help organisations and employees better manage the process of performance management which aids in the future success of the organisation. This research will analyse each aspect of this cycle to assess how it relates to the processes being used at AATT. Performance Management Cycle PLANNING The first step of this continuous cycle is to plan. Planning entails developing and setting performance objectives. Armstrong (2004:488) defines objectives as what organizations, functions, departments and individuals are expected to achieve over a period of time. It is important that company values and goals used as the basis for goal setting be understood and communicated to all employees and managers. Objectives, or goals, are the foundation for good performance. These objectives are used to provide a well thought-out approach to the achievement of the desired performance level for individuals and teams. Employees are usually involved in the planning process, this helps them understand their goals of the organization, what needs to be done; why it needs to be done and how well it should be done. Many companies involve their employees in the process so they can identify and understand the required behaviours. This enables the company to produce plans to meet the objectives of the company and enhance the knowledge, skills and competencies, also reinforcing desired behaviours. This was reinforced by Ducker (1954), He stated that the planning process typically done by senior managers should be prepared by all employee, they should partake in the strategic planning process which would give the employees a sense of ownership and responsibility to fulfil their objectives. Drucker (1954) also contradicted his statement by saying managers are responsible for achieving results. However the researcher is of the opinion that the planning phase should not be left to the managers alone as the employee are the lifeline of an organisation and careful planning and involvement of the employee will encourage them to work along their seniors to foster a successful company. An analysis will be conducted to identify whether this step currently is being enforced at AATT and if the result of this is clear and concise objectives. Monitoring Monitoring entails continuously measuring performance and its effectiveness in achieving the organisation set objectives in the planning process. It also allows the company to update and refine any current and future demands which may arise. This enables the organisation to stay on the right part. During the monitoring phase, its important to keep notes. Document both positive and negative performance issues, and make notes consistently throughout the performance management cycle. Specific instances should be looked at when employees meet and exceed expectations, and when they fall short of performance goals. These notes should be objective, job-related and accurate, focusing on behavior and void of personal option and emotion. Based on these findings the supervisor will be able to identify the employees strengths and shortcomings. The shortcomings are then addressed in the developmental stage of the performance cycle. Development At the development stage the developmental needs of the employee are assessed and addressed. This phase focuses on the improvement of current knowledge and skills and also on the development of new ones. This improvement is done via coaching; training and giving assignments that challenges the employee to take on more responsibility which improves their skills and ability. At This development stage many companies offer training and developmental opportunities to their employees but on the other hand some companies completely disregard this stage of the performance management cycle as they see it as the employees responsibility to further their development and also they avoid the costliness of training programs. The researcher will look at how AATT assess and implements this phase and the employees reactions to implemented training programs. Appraising This phase of the cycle is most synonymous with performance management. It is regularly regarded as the only step in performance management, though this is not the case. At this phase in the cycle the employee is assessed on their performance. When used correctly, performance appraisals can be powerful career development tool and help a company retain its current workforce by boosting performance and morale. According to Flippo (1984) performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employees excellence in the matters pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job. As stated this phase enables the company to measure the employee performance and assess if they are meeting the objectives set out at the planning phase, it also allows the company to identify the employee weaknesses, strengthens, and opportunities for further development/ promotion. He also went on to point out that it should be unbiased, this is of great concern for many e mployees as they something feels that the evaluator is prejudiced and they cannot highlight their concerns. The following factors are critical for an effective performance appraisal, these are: proper documentation, Clear cut objectives and goals, Simple understandable evaluation format, evaluation technique, communication and feedback. Picket (2003 pp 237-240) states that the performance review continues in many organisations despite evidence that it has the potential to be one of the most effective management tools in the entire kit. However, according to Steers and Black (1994), performance appraisal is one of the most important and often one of the most mishandled aspects of management. This scenario is one of great concern considering the importance of the evaluator to the success of the appraisal process; Imundo (1993 p158) stated that it is an inherent responsibility of those in managerial positions to pass judgment on what employees do with respect to meeting job requirements. He went on to say While individual employees are responsible for their own performance, it is supervisors who should shoulder overall responsibility for the performance of the unit under their direction. In light of the above, in todays organisation many managers have little or no training concerning the evaluation of employees. As a result of this lack of training supervisors are not equipped to provide proper assessment and effective feedback. Therefore sometimes employees are left up to the own initiative to manage their department and personal performance. Recent studies suggest that organizations fail to conduct effective rigorous, skills-based training and rater training with their managers (Fink, and Longenecker, 1998). Torrington and Hall (1991) stressed that appraisers need training on how to appraise and how to conduct appraisal interviews. However, many organisations stray from this and they provide the manager with the appraisal forms and instructions on how to complete the form and the rating schemes. This procedure currently utilized by organisations underhands the appraisal process. However, Bacal (2001 p 201) states that: Performance appraisal isnt about the forms. The ultimate purpose of performance appraisal is to allow employees and managers to improve continuously and to remove barriers to job success, in other words, to make everyone better. Forms dont make people better, and are simply a way of recording basic information for later reference. If the focus is getting the forms done, without thought and effort, the whole process becomes at best a waste of time, and at worst, insulting. Bacal highlighted that the mundane process of form filling is not what an appraisal is all about, you have to look at the bigger picture which is the successful attainment of the organisations strategic objectives and the success of the organisation. There are many techniques and methods to performance appraisal such as the traditional methods and the Morden methods. These are highlighted below: Traditional Methods Description Morden methods Description ESSAY APPRAISAL METHOD BEHAVIORALLY ANCHORED RATING SCALES(BARS) STRAIGHT RANKING METHOD HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING METHOD PAIRED COMPARISON 360-Degree-Performance-Appraisal Method CRITICAL INCIDENTS METHODS Management By Objectives(MBO) Method FIELD REVIEW CHECKLIST METHOD GRAPHIC RATING SCALE FORCED DISTRIBUTION The researcher will assess the above methods and examine the different approaches and methodologies which relates to Performance Management at AATT. If these factors are adhered to, they assist the company in formulating strategies for the employee future promotion and rewards. Rewarding The final phase in the cycle is rewarding. At the rewarding phase, the employee or team is recognized and acknowledged with regards to their ability to attain the organisations set objectives in the planning phase. These rewards may be monetary, non-monetary, such as praising the employee for a job well done, and promotions. The researcher will assess if and how AATT determines reward. What Should organisations manage? The most widely recognized and implemented approach to measure performance is the Balanced Scorecard Approach. This is now widely used as a strategy development and execution tool .This approach was developed by Kaplan and Norton (1992, 1996), it provides a system of aligning business actions to the vision and strategy of the organization, improving internal and external communications, and monitoring organization performance against strategic goals it focuses on measurement and evaluation using criteria that will provide a balanced view rather than using only the financial criteria. The four perspectives which Kaplan and Norton recommended that managers assess their employees on are: The financial perspective -This perspective measures the financial outcomes of the organisation. These may include profits, new commercial business ventures or it can be result based. The customers perspective An organisation success depends on their customers, as such, this perspective measures the customers satisfaction and their perception of the organisation. The data collected allows the organisation to gauge if they are effectively satisfying their customers needs and if there is a need for further improvement. The internal business perspective This perspective focuses on the organizations critical internal operations which enable the organisation to attain customer satisfaction. It includes the infrastructure, long and short term goals and objectives, organisational procedures, and human resources. The innovation and learning perspective This perspective cover the organisations ability to innovate, learn, and improve. This links directly with the values of the organisation. For the Balanced scorecard approach to be effective the manager should have the capability to observe and take note of several instruments and measures concurrently. It is frequently stated that one of the main benefits of the Balanced Scorecard, is that is translates strategy into action. However, despite its popularity Norreklit (2003) questioned the existence of a causal relationship between the different perspectives, the fact that this system does not address the needs and wants of all the stakeholders of a company; and the lack of theory behind the scorecard concept. Notwithstanding this criticism the balance scorecard approach has proven to be an appropriate tool to address the organisation performance and if the four perspectives are properly assessed in the end the company and their stakeholders will benefit from their success. As part of this research the researcher will use this universally known model to assess the performance measurement system at AATT. Performance management as a motivational tool. Understand each individuals motivations and triggers can assist an organisation to motivate their employee to perform at their maximum potential. Performance management is constantly associated with theories of motivation. There are several written motivational theories in literature, with the most popular being; Taylor (1890, 1911) Scientific Management, Maslows (1954) needs hierarchy theory, Locke and Ladham (1968, 1990) goal setting theory, Herzbergs 1957 two-factors theory, and Vroom 1964 expectancy theory. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1890, 1911), put forward the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory of Scientific Management argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control; therefore managers should break down production into a series of small tasks. Workers should then be given appropriate training and tools so they can work as efficiently as possible on one set task. Workers are then paid according to the number of items they produce in a set period of time- piece-rate pay. As a result workers are encouraged to work hard and maximise their productivity. However this approach became repetitive and insulting to the workers as they felt like they were being treated like human machines. This theory is often linked to Macgregors two fundamental approaches to managing people, theory X and theory Y, namely theory X which speaks to employees being self-serving, unwilling to take on responsibility and essentially only working for money. It follows an authoritarian management style. On the other hand theory Y speaks to a participative management style saying work is as natural as rest or play, without the threat of punishment people will work to pursue organizational objectives and people accept and seek out responsibility, which is what the performance management cycle is all about, including the employee in the process. Elton Mayo went against those theories saying that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work. This factor was ignored by Taylor. Mayo introduced the Human Relation School of thought, which focused on managers actively communicating to their employees, and treating them as individuals who have meaningful opinions. His theory most aligns with the paternalistic management style and incorporates elements of the performance management cycle, whereby employees are encouraged to give their opinion and work alongside management. Abraham Maslow (1954) in conjunction with Frederick Herzberg 1957 introduced the Neo-Human Relations School in the 1950s, which focused on the psychological needs of employees. Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work. These are identified in the figure below. It is a bottom up approach, he identified that if certain need cannot be met the person will not be motivated to move on to the other level. Whereas, Hertzbergs two-factor theory are hygiene factors and motivator factors. Hygiene factors speak to the need for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. If these factors are inadequate for employees, they therefore can cause discontent at work. Hygiene factors include: Company policies and administration Wages, salaries and other financial remuneration Quality of supervision Quality of inter-personal relations Working conditions Feelings of job security Motivator factors are based on the individual need for personal development. When they exist, motivator factors actively create job satisfaction. If they are effective, then they can motivate an individual to achieve above-average performance and effort. Motivator factors include: Status Opportunity for advancement Gaining recognition Responsibility Challenging / stimulating work Sense of personal achievement personal growth in a job There are similarities between Maslow (1954) and Frederick Herzberg theories; they both suggest that needs have to be satisfied for the employee to be motivated. However, Herzberg argues that only the higher levels of the Maslow Hierarchy (e.g. self-actualisation, esteem needs) act as a motivator. The remaining needs can only cause dissatisfaction if not addressed. (Motivation in theory n.d.) These motivational theories can be applied to a wide range of management functions, but these will be used by the researcher to fulfil her objective of determine the Performance Management process as it relates to the motivation of employees in the workplace and how it is implemented in the organization and the impact it has on the motivation of employees. This chapter outlined literature key to the researchers study of performance management as it relates to AATT. The following chapter will address the methodologies the researcher will utilize to ascertain her objectives. Drucker, P., The Practice of Management, Harper, New York, 1954; Heinemann, London, 1955; revised edn, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 The Economist Guide to Management Ideas and Gurus, by Tim Hindle Flippo, E. B. 1984. Personnel management. 6th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Steers, R.M. Black, J.S. 1994. Organizational behaviour. Ed. ke-5. New York: Harper Collins. Grote, R.C. Grote, D. 2002. The performance appraisal question and answer book: a survival guide for managers. AMACOM. Les Pickett, (2003) Transforming the annual fiasco, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 35 Iss: 6, pp.237 240 Armstrong, M Baron, A 2005, Managing performance: Performance management in action. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Weiss, Tracey B., and Franklin Hartle, Reengineering Performance Management, Breakthroughs in Achieving Strategy Through People, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, 1997. Pg 3-6 Kaufman, R. (1997). A Strategic Planning Framework: Mega Planning. In Kaufman, R., Thiagarajan, S., MacGillis, P. (Editors), The Handbook for Performance Improvement. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Co/Division of Jossey-Bass Laurence S. Fink, Clinton Oliver Longenecker, (1998) Training as a performance appraisal improvement strategy, Career Development International, Vol. 3 Iss: 6, pp.243 251 Douglas Maxx, Robert Bacall. 2001. Perfect Phrases for Performance Reviews 2/E. McGraw-Hill Professional p 201. Neely A., Adams C. and Kennerley M, (2002), The Performance Prism: The Scorecard for Measuring and Managing Business Success, London, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall Norreklit, H. (2003), The Balanced Scorecard: What Is the Score? A Rhetorical Analysis of the Balanced Scorecard., Accounting, Organisations and Society, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 591. KAPLAN, R. S. and NORTON, D. P. 1992. The Balanced Scorecard: Measures that Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb, pp. 71-79. KAPLAN, R. S. and NORTON, D. P. 1996. Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System, Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb pp 75 -85. HERZBERG, F. et al. 1957. The motivation to work. 2nd ed. New York LOCKE, E.A. 1968. Towards a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives, Organisational Behaviour and Human Performance, Vol. 14, No.2, pp. 157-189. LOCKE, E.A. and LADHAM, G.P. 1990. A Theory of Goal setting and Task Performance, New York, NY: Prentice-Hall. MCCLELLAND, P. C. 1975. Causal explanation and model building in history, economics and the new economy. Ithaca; London : Cornell University Press. Maslow, Abraham (1954). Motivation and Personality. Harper and Row New York: VROOM, V.H. 1964. Work and Motivation., New York, NY: John Wiley. TAYLOR, F. W. 1890. The rise of scientific management. Madison; London : University of Wisconsin Press. TAYLOR, F. W., 1911. The principles of scientific management. London : Harper Brothers. http://tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg.asp motivation in theory Neely, A 1998, Measurement of business performance why, what and how, The Economist, London.

Excellence in Education :: essays research papers

The concept of excellence in education is one that, on the surface, seems to be unquestionable. After all, who would not accede that students within our schools should, in fact, excel? Certainly teachers, parents, and administrators can agree on excellence as an aim to shoot for. The interpretation of the term "excellence" is, however, less obvious. How do we regard excellence? Is it the college bound student with a broad liberal arts education? Is it the student who graduates high school trained in a specific trade? Many in the field of education cannot come to an agreement on how our schools can best achieve excellence for and from our students. One of the many authorities who have contributed a model for what schools should be is Robert L. Ebel. According to Ebel, knowledge is the single most significant and most important goal in the education of children. In his article "What are schools for?" Ebel answers "that schools are for learning, and that what ought to be learned mostly is useful knowledge" (3). He builds this declaration in answer to trends in education that focus upon other aspects of learning in schools. Ebel states in the beginning of his article, that he does not assume schools should be social research agencies, recreational facilities, adjustment centers, or custodial institutions. (3). While he does not deny that our nation is currently wrestling with a dreary array of social ailments, he does argue that the answer to such problems can or should lie within the jurisdiction of our schools. In discussing education’s mission to provide useful knowledge, Ebel defines what he means by the word knowledge: "It is an integrated structure of relationships among concepts and propositions" (5). Knowledge, the way Ebel describes it is not the same as information. Ebel states that "knowledge is built out of information by thinking". Knowledge, according to Ebel, must be constructed from information by each individual learner; it cannot be looked up, or given to students by a parent or teacher. " A student must earn the right to say ‘I know’ by his own thoughtful efforts to understand" (Ebel, 5). The intellectual proficiencies many educators hope to teach are, like information, essentially useless to Ebel without a knowledge base on which to draw from. Ebel feels that a good teacher can "motivate, direct, and assist the learning process to great advantage". Although Ebel feels that good teachers are essential to providing a "favorable learning environment," he puts much of the accountability for learning on the students themselves. Ebel feels that teachers are there to facilitate students in their learning, not to coerce those who are indifferent and unmotivated and do not wish to learn, against their will.

Psychological Explanation of the Causes of Crime

Psychological Explanation of the Causes of Crime Psychological pertaining to the mind or to mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology. – To account for criminal motivation in people, criminologists have used various psychology theories that attempt to explain human intellectual and emotional development. These theories can be divided into three categories: a. Moral Development Theories describe a sequence of developmental stages that people pass through when acquiring the capacity to make moral judgments.According to these theorists, this development process may or may not completed and people who remain unable to recognize right from wrong will be more likely to engage in inappropriate, deviant, or even criminal behavior. b. Social Learning Theories emphasize the process of learning and internalizing moral codes. Learning theorists note different patterns of rewards and sanctions that affect this process. c. Personal Theories assume a set of enduring perceptions an d predisposition’s (tendencies) that each individual develops through early socialization.These theorists propose that certain predisposition’s or personality traits, such as impulsiveness or extroversion, increase the chances of criminal behavior. -In contrast to biological and hereditary theories, there are a variety of psychological explanations for crime and emphasize the importance of personality and its role in criminal and delinquent behavior. Some psychological theories stress the importance of mental processes, childhood experiences, and unconscious thoughts. Others stress the importance of social learning or human perception. Types of Psychological Theories: a.Psychiatric Criminology (Forensic Psychiatry) -Theories derived from the medical sciences, including neurology, and which, like other psychological theories focus on the individual as the unit of analysis. Psychiatric theories form the basis of psychiatric criminology. While forensic psychiatry is that branch of psychiatry having to do with the study of crime and criminality. -David Abrahamsen, a psychiatrist explains crime â€Å"antisocial behavior is a direct expression of an aggression or may be a direct or indirect manifestation of distorted erotic drive,† -Envisions a complex et of drives and motives operating from recesses deep within the personality to determine behavior. *Psychopath or Sociopath -A person with a personality disorder, especially one manifested in aggressively antisocial behavior, which is often said to be the result of a poorly developed superego. Hervey Cleckley described the psychopath as a â€Å"moral idiot†. Or as one who does not feel empathy with others, even though he or she may be fully cognizant of what is objectively happening around them. Characteristic of the Psychopathic Personality 1. An absence of delusions, hallucinations, or other sign of psychosis. . The inability to feel quilt or shame 3. Unreliability 4. Chronic lying 5. Su perficial Charm 6. Above-average Intelligence 7. Ongoing antisocial behavior 8. Inability to learn from experience 9. Self-centeredness *Antisocial or Asocial Personality -Refers to individuals who are basically unsocialized and whose behavior brings them repeatedly into conflict with society. They are incapable of significant loyalty to individuals, groups, or social values. They are grossly selfish, callous, irresponsible, impulsive, and unable to feel guilt or to learn from experience and punishment.Frustration tolerance is low. They tend to blame others or offer plausible rationalization for their behavior. b. Psychoanalytic Perspective – A psychiatric approach developed by the Austrian Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud emphasizes the role of personality in human behavior and which sees deviant behavior as the result of dysfunctional personalities. According to Freud, the personality is comprised of three components: ID- is that fundamental aspect of the personality from which d rives, wishes urges, and desires emanate.The ID is direct and singular in purpose. It operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking full and immediate gratification of its needs. Individuals, however, were said to rarely be fully aware of the urges that percolate up (occasionally into awareness) from the id, because it is a largely unconscious region of the mind. -the  part  of  the  psyche,  residing  in  the  unconscious,  that  is  the source   of  instinctive  impulses  that  seek  satisfaction  in  accordance with  the  pleasure  principle   and  are  modified  by  the  ego  and  the superego  before  they  are  given  overt  expressionEGO- The reality-testing part of the personality; also referred to as the reality principle. More formally, it is the personality component that is conscious, more immediately controls behavior, and is most in touch with external reality. For Freud, the ego was primar ily concerned with how objectives might be best accomplished. The EGO tends to effect strategies for the individual that maximize pleasure and minimize pain. It lays out the various paths of action that can lead to wish fulfillment. The EGO inherently recognizes that it may be necessary to delay gratification to achieve a more fulfilling long term-goal. the  part  of  the  psychic  apparatus  that experiences  and  reacts  to  the   outside world  and  thus mediates  between  the  primitive  drives  of  the  id  and  the demands   of  the  social  and  physical  environment. SUPEREGO- The moral aspect of the personality; much like the conscience. More formally, it is the division of the psyche that develops by the incorporation of the perceived moral standards of the community, is mainly unconscious, and includes the conscience. -the  part  of  the  personality  representing  the  conscience,   formed  in earl y  life  by  internalization  of  the  standards  of  parents  and  other models  of behavior. c.Frustration- Aggression Theory – Holds that frustration is a natural consequence of living a root cause of crime. Criminal behavior can be a form of adaptation when it results in stress reduction. *Alloplastic Adaptation- That form of adjustment which results from changes in the environment surrounding an individual. *Autoplastic Adaptation- That form of adjustment, which results from, changes with an individual. d. Behavior Theory -Behavior theory has sometimes called â€Å"stimulus-response approach to human behavior†, that is determined by environmental consequences which it produces for the individual concerned.When an individual’s behavior results in rewards, or in receipt of feedback which the individual, for whatever reason, regards as rewarding, then it is likely that the behavior in question is said to be reinforced. Conversely, when pu nishment follows behavior, chances are that the frequency of that type of behavior will decrease. *Operant Behavior- behavior which affects the environment in such a way as to produce responses or further behavioral cues. *Reward- desirable behavioral likely to increase the frequency of occurrence of that behavior. Punishment- undesirable behavioral consequences likely to decrease the frequency of occurrence of that behavior. -Rewards and punishments have been divided into four conceptual categories: 1. Positive Rewards- Which increase the frequency of approved behavior by adding something desirable to the situation. 2. Negative Rewards- Which increase the frequency of approved behavior by removing something distressful from the situation. 3. Positive Punishment- which decrease the frequency of unwanted behavior by adding something undesirable to the situation. . Negative Punishment- Which decreases the frequency of unwanted behavior by removing something desirable from the situatio n. e. Psychology of crime -talking about the behavior of a person who commit crime. 1. Self Concept The self-concept has been identified as a very important aspect in human life: a person must be able to have respect for himself; to be â€Å"his own best friend†. This is how a person sees himself. If a person believes that he is worthless, and that society does not care what happens to him, this attitude (self-perception) may well lead to crime. . Stress Stress can lead to irrational conduct, even to crime. If a person labors under severe emotional distress, that person may feel compelled to act in socially unacceptable manners. Stress has become a major problem in modern life, leading to broken families and deviant behavior. 3. Aggression Aggression and violence often go together. Aggression can be defined as any form of behavior aimed at the partial or total, literal or figurative, destruction of an object or person. The word â€Å"violence† is used to describe acts of aggression. 4. DepressionDepression can be a psychosis and also a neurosis. A psychosis is a severe mental illness in which insight was lost. Persons with psychotic depression might believe that the sins of the world are upon them, and that they are a burden to society. In the case of a neurotic depression, insight will be retained. A person suffering from depression may believe that life is pointless, so that he might as well â€Å"escape† to criminality. 5. Mental Aberrations The most important mental aberrations are the psychoses, which are severe mental illnesses; notably paranoia and schizophrenia.There are also the neuroses; anxiety states, obsessional compulsive states, hysterical neuroses, dissociative states and neurotic depressions. There are also organic psychoses; where the mental illness flows from an organic defect in the body of the patient. It is not difficult to see that any of these conditions could lead to deviant behavior. 6. Personality disorders Psych opathy, addictions and deviances can be listed under personality disorders. Once there is a disintegration of personality, deviant behavior can be expected. Many serious crimes are committed by persons whose personalities do not conform with the norms accepted by society.

Poetry Essay Essay

Poetry is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. Poetry is an ancient form that has gone through numerous and drastic reinvention over time. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to define. Poetry is sometimes hard to understand but other times it’s as easy as one, two, and three. Sometimes people turn to poetry to vent their feelings, to tell their high school sweetheart they still love them, to get over grief and etc. Poetry can be inspirational and motivating. Poetry can be anything you want it to be. The plot of â€Å"Watch† by Frank Outlaw tells us that we should be careful about what we do and to choose wisely what we act on. One of the poetic devices in this poem is assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds repeated in this poem are: A, E, I, O and U. Another poetic device found in this poem is imagery. Imagery is words or phrases that appeal to the senses. The poem is titled Watch, so I believe therefore, watch would be considered as imagery. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should watch what we do, before we do that particular thing. The plot of â€Å"The Greatest Artist† by Udiah tells us that God is one of a kind and can create the most beautiful things in this world. It also tells us that only God can create the beautiful things on this Earth. The sky is God’s canvas to a beautiful masterpiece. It also states that whenever we are sad, he puts a smile across our face to let us know He’s there. One poetic device in this poem is rhyme. Rhyme is the similarity of ending sounds exsisting between two words. Some of the rhyming words are: compare and air, above and glove, fair and there. Another poetic device is metaphor. Metaphor is the comparison between two objects with the intent of giving clearer meaning to one of them. One of the metaphors in this poem is: God is the greatest artist. This poem appeals to me because I agree that God is the one and only who can create the most unique things and we always know he’s watching us with open eyes. The plot of â€Å"Before You† by William Arthur Ward tells us that we should think before we do. It also tells us that we should learn from different situations. Another thing it teaches is that we should use patience before expressing our thoughts. One of the poetic devices in this poem is repetition. Repetition is the repeating of words or phrases. The repetition in this poem is before you. Another poetic device is assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds repeated in this poem are: A, E, I, O and U. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should think before we act. I dedicate this poetry book to my mom. I included certain poems because poetry has such a special meaning for a special person. She is a true genuine person with a great attitude towards life. Who expresses emotions profoundly through words. I included certain poems because of the motivation and inspiration they have. I’m most inspired by Adele, Adele is a famous London singer, who expresses music through her heartfelt experiences.

Points of the Compass in Spanish

Points of the Compass in Spanish The directions of the compass in Spanish are vaguely similar to those of English and ultimately come from the same Indo-European roots. However, Spanish also has synonyms for some of the directions as well as special adjective forms that should be learned. Lists of Spanish Words for Directions of the Compass The primary points of the compass include: norte - northeste (or, less commonly, oriente) - eastsur - southoeste (or, less commonly, occidente)- west As in English, the directions can be combined to indicate intermediate points: nornoreste - north-northeastnoreste - northeastestenoreste - east-northeastestesudeste - east-southeastsudeste - southeastsudsudeste - south-southeastsudsudoeste - south-southwestsudoeste - southwestoestesudoeste - west-southwestoestenoroeste - west-northwestnoroeste - northwestnornoroeste - north-northwest In some areas, the use of sur- as the stem meaning south is preferred, so youll also hear the variations such sureste and suroeste alone as well as in combination forms such as sursureste. Combinations using oriente and occidente, such as suroccidente for southwest and nororiente for northeast, are also used. Adjective forms- such as the equivalents of northern and eastern- can be made by preceding the direction with del (literally, of the) as in del norte and del sur to mean northern and southern, respectively. These are indicated below along with the special adjective forms: del norte, norteà ±o, boreal, septentrional - northerndel este, oriental - easterndel sur, sureà ±o, austral, meridional - southerndel oeste, occidental - western To indicate direction of movement, forms such as del oeste or desde el oeste for from the west and hacia el oeste for toward the west are used. Thus, an easterly wind (one coming from the east) is a viento del este, while to say that a door faces east, for example, you could say la puerta mira hacia el este. A few geographical terms use the noun form where the adjectival form might be expected. In particular, the north and south poles are often called the polo norte and polo sur, respectively. Similarly, the northern and southern hemispheres are often called the hemisferio norte and hemisferio sur, respectively, although terms such as hemisferio boreal can also be used. Capitalization of Directions Normally, directions, whether as nouns or adjectives, are not capitalized in Spanish. However, they typically are capitalized when referring to a recognized region. For example: Antes de la guerra de Secesià ³n, la tensià ³n entre el Norte y el Sur era extrema. (Before the Civil War, the tensions between the North and the South was extreme.) However, if you were referring just to the southern U.S. in general, rather the specific states that form a recognized region, capitalization would not be necessary. Directions also are capitalized when part of a name, such as in Carolina del Norte (North Carolina), Corea del Sur (South Korea), and Mercado Comà ºn del Sur (the formal name for the Mercosur, an international South American trading market). Key Takeaways The four main directions of the compass in Spanish come from the same historic roots as the English terms and thus are vaguely similar.The four main directions can be combined to indicate intermediate points, such as noroeste for northwest.Special adjective forms, not always similar to the names of the directions, are sometimes in use. Sample Sentences for Compass Directions Habà ­a cuatro muertos y muchos heridos en accidente de autobà ºs en el norte de Colombia. (There were four deaths and many injured in a bus accident in northern Columbia.) Gracias a su privilegiada ubicacià ³n geogrfica, el Sudeste Asitico ha sido una regià ³n que ha crecido econà ³micamente en las à ºltimas dà ©cadas. (Thanks to its favorable geographical location, Southeast Asia has been a region that has grown economically in recent decades.) Alrededor de 200 personas participaron en el chapuzà ³n ms austral del mundo. (About 200 people participated in the worlds most southern ocean dip.) Los vientos alcanzaron una velocidad de 50 kilà ³metros por hora desde el nornoroeste. (The winds reached a speed of 50 kilometers per hour from the north-northwest.) La nocià ³n de que ideas occidentales son subversivas ha sido recibida con amplia incredulidad, particularmente entre intelectuales. (The notion that Western ideas are subversive has been received with great incredulity, particularly among intellectuals.) La Antrtida es el continente ms austral de la Tierra. (Antarctica is the Earths most southerly continent.) Sur global es un tà ©rmino utilizado en estudios postcoloniales y transnacionales que puede referirse tanto al tercer mundo como al conjunto de paà ­ses en và ­as de desarrollo. (Global south is a term used in postcolonial and transnational studies that can refer to the third world as a combination of the developing countries.)

Prison System in America essays

Prison System in America essays Life in America is full of options and opportunities, for most. Many people in our society try to make a living in a legitimate fashion. However, this ideal way of life is not always an option. For some the best option is to turn to the black market to make their money. The largest and most lucrative division of the black market is the drug culture. This also is one of the places that get the most publicity when arrests are made, due to the infamous war on drugs that was started in the late 1980s the government gets results, which in turn get votes. The problem is within the system and the people going through it, and whether our structure of prison is helping. In our country, many things do not make sense. A dead man can be elected to office but an honest man will probably never be. This is also true with our fight against crime. Arrests in our country are broken down into four main categories violent crimes, property crimes, crimes against public order, and drug related crimes. The punishment for the crimes varies on the severity of the crime. At first glance, it appears that the system is set up to punish crimes against people with jail time and stricter sentences and crimes against the public would be less severe. This for the most part is true but what about drug crimes. Are they violent or nonviolent? Are the crimes in this category as terrible as a rape or homicide case? The logical response to these questions is that the punishment fits the crime. That means that a person who rapes some one will get a completely different punishment for his crime compared to if a chemist is caught cooking up LSD. Conversely, this is not true. In s ome cases, the man cooking up the LSD could have a harsher sentence than the rapist could. Is it fair to lock up a heroin addict in jail were it may be easier for him to find his drug. Are substance users and abusers a lost case for society to just give up one and throw away? Alte ...

Biography of King George VI, Britain’s Unexpected King

Biography of King George VI, Britain’s Unexpected King King George VI (born Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George; December 14, 1895–February 6, 1952) was King of the United Kingdom, Head of the British Commonwealth, and the last Emperor of India. He succeeded to the throne after his older brother, Edward VIII, abdicated. He is the father of Queen Elizabeth II, Britain’s longest-ruling monarch. Fast Facts: King George VI Given Name:  Albert Frederick Arthur GeorgeKnown For: Served as King of the United Kingdom from 1936–1952, following the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. His reign saw Britains victory in World War II as well as the end of the British Empire.Born: December 14, 1895 in Norfolk, EnglandDied: February 6, 1952 in Norfolk, EnglandSpouse: Queen Elizabeth, nee Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (m. 1923-1952)Children: Princess Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926), Princess Margaret (1930-2002) Early Life George VI, who was known as Albert until he became king, was born to Prince George, then Duke of York (later King George V) and his wife, Mary of Teck. He was their second son, following the birth of his brother Edward the previous year. His birthday was also the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert. To honor the prince- and in deference to Queen Victoria, who was reportedly upset upon hearing the news of the prince’s birth on that day- the family named the child Albert, after the late Prince Consort. Among family, Albert was known as â€Å"Bertie,† like his grandfather the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII). As a boy, Albert suffered from several health problems, including bowed knees and chronic stomach ailments. He also developed the stammer that he would struggle with for the rest of his life. When Albert was fourteen, he began attending the Royal Naval College as a naval cadet; like many royal second sons, he anticipated a military career. Although he struggled in his early studies, he graduated in his training and progressed to training on board a ship in 1913. Duke of York In 1910, Alberts father became King George V, making Albert second in line for the throne behind his brother Edward, who quickly developed a reputation for his hard-partying ways. Albert, meanwhile, had just embarked on his full-fledged naval career when World War I broke out. Although he went through an emergency appendectomy in 1913, he recovered and rejoined the war effort, eventually being mentioned in dispatches for his action during the Battle of Jutland, the largest single naval battle of the war. Albert suffered another medical setback when he had to have surgery for an ulcer in 1917, but he eventually transferred to the Royal Air Force and became the first royal to be a fully certified pilot. He was posted to France in the waning days of the war, and in 1919, after the war had ended, he became a full-fledged RAF pilot and was promoted to squadron leader. He was made Duke of York in 1920, at which time he began taking on more public duties, although his ongoing struggle with his stammer made public speaking difficult. That same year, Albert crossed paths with Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, for the first time since they were children. He fell in love with her immediately, but the path to marriage wasn’t quite so smooth. She rejected his marriage proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, because she wasn’t sure she wanted to make the sacrifices that being a royal would require. By 1923, however, she agreed, and the couple were married on April 26, 1923. Their daughters Elizabeth and Margaret were born in 1926 and 1930, respectively. Ascent to the Throne Albert and Elizabeth lived a relatively quiet life by choice. Albert’s public speaking requirements led him to hire speech therapist Lionel Logue, whose breathing and vocal techniques helped the prince to improve his public speaking abilities. Albert and Logues work together was depicted in the Oscar-winning film The Kings Speech in 2010. Albert supported the improvement of working conditions, served as president of the Industrial Welfare Society, and ran a series of summer camps for boys from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds from 1921 until the outbreak of World War II. In 1936, George V died and Albert’s brother Edward became King Edward VIII. Controversy immediately erupted, as Edward wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, an American who had divorced her first husband and was in the process of divorcing her second husband. The subsequent constitutional crisis was only resolved when Edward chose to abdicate rather than give up Wallis. He did so on December 10, 1936. Since Edward was unmarried and childless, Albert became king, taking the regnal name George VI in honor of his father. He was crowned in Westminster Abbey on May 12, 1937- the date previously slated for Edward VIII’s coronation. Almost immediately, King George VI was pulled into the controversy over the U.K.’s handling of Hitler’s aggression on the European mainland. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain continued to pursue an appeasement policy, and the king was constitutionally bound to support him. In early 1939, the king and queen visited Canada, making George VI the first British monarch to visit. On the same trip, they visited the United States and formed a rapport with President Franklin D. Roosevelt that would help solidify the American-British ties in the coming years. World War II On September 3, 1939, after Germany failed to respond to an ultimatum issued over their invasion of Poland, the United Kingdom, along with its European allies, declared war on Germany. In spite of constant air raids by the German Luftwaffe, the royal family remained in official residence in London throughout World War II, although they actually split their time between Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle. In 1940, Winston Churchill took over as prime minister. Although he and King George VI had a rocky relationship at first, they soon developed an excellent rapport that helped bring the U.K. through the war years. The king and queen made many visits and public appearances to keep up morale, and the monarchy hit a high in popularity. The war came to an end in 1945, and the following year, London hosted the first assembly of the United Nations, with George VI making an opening address. Later Years and Legacy In the years after the war, King George VI turned to matters of his own empire, which entered a decline in influence and power on the world stage. India and Pakistan declared independence in 1947, and Ireland left the Commonwealth altogether in 1948. When India officially became a republic, George VI took on a new title: Head of the Commonwealth. King George VI had suffered health problems all his life, and the combination of stress from the war and his heavy smoking habits led to a series of major health scares in the late 1940s. He developed lung cancer, as well as arteriosclerosis and other diseases, and underwent multiple surgeries. Princess Elizabeth, his heir, took on more and more of his duties, although she was recently married and starting a family with her husband, Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On the morning February 6, 1952, King George VI was found in his room at Sandringham, having died in his sleep. His daughter Elizabeth immediately became Queen Elizabeth II at the age of 25; she is the longest reigning queen regnant of all time. He is buried in St. George’s Chapel, and the remains of his wife Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and his younger daughter Margaret have since been interred alongside him. King George VI was never supposed to be king, but he reigned over the later years of Britain as an imperial power and saw the nation through one of its most dangerous eras. Sources Bradford, Sarah. The Reluctant King: The Life and Reign of George VI, 1895 – 1952. St. Martin’s Press, 1990.â€Å"George VI.† Biography, 2 April 2014, https://www.biography.com/people/george-vi-9308937.Howarth, Patrick. George VI: A New Biography. Hutchinson, 1987.Smith, Sally Bedell. Elizabeth the Queen: The Life of a Modern Monarch. Random House, 2012.

Decision making in trade-DB2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision making in trade-DB2 - Essay Example The government would create a tariff on importing coffee and this is how the government would benefit from there. Whilst on the other hand, the ad valorem tariff can be described as a tax that is specifically a percentage of the import value. However, the tariff may be applied in two ways; either charged based on the value of the imports or based on the quantity of goods. Then the ‘prohibitive tariff’ as the name suggests is one marked so high, it either prohibits or lessens the import levels on a product. Then there is the ‘Protective tariff’. The tariff bears a lot of pros and cons. This type of tariff may either foster the growth of the economy or make goods extremely expensive on the behalf of the customers. The researcher strongly believes that the main reason for high tariffs on agricultural produce is one way of controlling the flow of imported agricultural products. Not only that, it is stratagem used to protect small local farmers from competition f rom foreign companies. In doing so, competition in this market for farmers would be lessened. As such imposing tariffs on products is one way to position consumers to support local products especially in domestic countries. The roles played by tariffs have unavoidable effects on prices from the imposition. The foreign exporters keep the price that they charge for the product; however, the domestic price of the imported product rises by the value of the tariff.

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature - Essay Example They should know the connotation of each character, and everything credited with them before dismissal. Many female Hebrew characters have inspired countless lives. They knew how to use possession to their advantage, their beauty intelligence and charisma. Female Jewish characters are many but not all of them can be mentioned. Hebrew female characters and their significance in literature Nava the wife of Benny in the sixth day suffered in silence. Her husband was ever busy; he did not spend time with her. He had the habit of hauling home his office work. Nava went through all the soreness and distress she felt inside, without complaining or cursing. Nava as a Hebrew woman from the work of literature the sixth day represents all women who give out their full time in relationships only to get back half of what they invested in the relationship. When Nava was fed up of being the considerate and accommodating wife, she decided to start by cancelling their regular lunch date. In the artic le, when she gives Adel, Benny’s works associate a note to give to him and in the note, Nava told Benny not to worry about her. It is not fair therefore, to classify all female Hebrew characters as boring and absent. In this case, the character is persevering and patient, this does not make her boring and absent. ... This woman was in no way absent, suffocating or boring. She was a hardworking woman. She is an example to all mothers, for mothers to provide for their children unconditionally. The state of the child does not matter. It should not be a reason to treat a child with so many disregards. In Orly Castel-Bloo, the narrator talks about a woman claiming to be her mother. It is not clear what gave the woman the audacity to say this to the narrator. From the narration, it is clear that Hebrew female characters were survivors. The woman in question who claimed to be the narrators mother, spent most of her time under a bench-smoking cigarette, and it is not known where she stayed. The woman could be homeless, or giving it a second thought, she could have been the mother of the narrator. The woman must have given the narrator up for adoption, because she could not provide for her. As helpless or scary the woman may occur to be, it is quite evident that she did what she thought was best for her d aughter. Hebrew women are therefore not absent and suffocating, the characters think. Only a thinking person is intellectual enough to know what is best for her daughter. Dinah a female character in the last article was childless for a long time. She did not lose hope that someday she would have her own child. She looked at mothers who had children with envy, but she treated the children well and even offered them cheese and onions. Dinah finally gave birth to a baby boy, after a long wait. Dinah is like any other woman who waits to be blessed by a child and does not lose hope. In this work of literature, Dinah has the heart of endurance. She does not represent

Local Cycling strategy and promotion Assignment

Local Cycling strategy and promotion - Assignment Example Local Cycling strategy and promotion: The former strategy is focused on developing a transportation system that is balanced and safe for bicycles as well. This plan includes the strategies for next 30 years. The later strategy is focused on promoting and establishing the fact that bicycles are safe, popular and accepted transportation and recreational mode. Components of Perth Bicycle Network: The two main local transport networks that come under the jurisdiction of PBN are: 1) Local bicycle routes 2) Principal transport routes Local bicycle routes: This concept is focused on making every street reasonable and safe for bicycle which includes linking quite residential streets by making them safer, attractive and continuous for longer journeys too. The routes developed under the local strategy should have proper pavement markings which do not require the cyclists to hold a map along for navigational guidance. These routes require low cost for implementation and have higher usage. Principle transport routes: This route is dual and of high standard as it includes full separation with lighting in order to ensure safe journey for users. It offers comprehensive and high safety to cyclists as it provides complete separation from motor traffic due to high standard of designing. These routes are generally found in freeway reserves and suburban railway. Although under this strategy, the existing paths and roads network has been improved but there are still some deficiencies. These problems are due to lack of maintenance generally. The hindrance in this strategy and its implementation is due to the development of facilities that are unsuitable to the cycling network development. Following are the problems that require immediate action: 1) Traffic calming leads to the squeeze points 2) Lack of maintenance 3) Kerb ramps of unfriendly nature 4) Traffic signals with unresponsive sensors 5) Dangerous and rough drainage grates 6) hindrance in the use of dual paths 7) spills on the road 8) green routes unsafe due to changes 9) design problems of underpasses and bridges All these issues need consultations with local government and development of different projects would be required for countering these issues (Garrard and Rissel, 2006). Implementation of the network: This is the stage which is focused on developing the route continuity by su ccessive upgrading in the next two stages. Stage one will offer the continuous bicycle routes for allowing access throughout the network by ensuring safety. The second stage will provide increased safety and service level along with enhancing the network. The third and final stage will focus on developing ultimate network by considering and eliminating issues like grade-separation, generic issues, parking facilities, cycle lockers and expansion. Bike Ahead: Bicycle Strategy for the 21st Century (Western Australia) Cycling is increasingly becoming an essential transportation mode in Western Australia. Cycling no more is considered a recreational activity but an alternative for people who cannot drive or own a motor vehicle. The basic document, Metropolitan Transport Strategy (1995), focuses on the importance of alternatives to motor car. Bike Ahead on the other hand suggests several actions required to prove the importance of cycle by ensuring that people would have access to high li ver of services, goods and activities without sacrificing the environment. Perth Bikeplan of 1985 had

Korean and Japanese Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Korean and Japanese Americans - Essay Example History, Generations, Immigration and Length of U.S. Residency Koreans are one of the largest, fastest growing Asian groups in the United States (Jackson, 2006; library.ca.gov, N.D.a). During 1903-1905 came the first wave of Korean immigrants to the United States. Around 7,000 Korean came to Hawaii as farm laborers in sugar plantation. Within a few years 1,000 of them returned to Korea. About 2,000 of the early immigrants left Hawaii and came to the continental United States. In less than one century the number has grown to an estimated one million (Lee, 1995). Many more began to immigrate after the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965. As of 2000, ethnic Koreans living in the United States are largely concentrated in California, New York, Texas, Washington, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. Los Angeles, with its Korea town district, is home to the largest concentration of Koreans outside of Asia (Wikipedia, 2007a). The Census 2000 recorded an additional 151,555 Americans of part-Korean ancestry. There are 56,825 adopted children of Korean nativity and place of birth. (2000 US Census) 99,061 Koreans were adopted into the U.S. during 1953-2001. (Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2002) According to the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2,157,498 ethnic Koreans live in the United States in 2003. However a large number of these are students or temporary workers and hence do not have permanent residence status. A number of US states have declared January 13 as Korean-American Day due to their impact and contributions to the American society (Wikipedia, 2007a). ... The population of Korean Americans is high when compared to the Japanese Americans. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades have become the sixth largest (at roughly 1,148,000, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity). Japanese Americans are a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. The largest Japanese American communities are in California with roughly 395,000, Hawaii with roughly 297,000, Washington with 56,000, and New York with 45,000 according to the 2000 Census. In addition there are large numbers in Texas, Illinois, Oregon, Colorado, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Florida. Each year, about 7,000 new Japanese immigrants enter United States ports, comprising about 4% of immigration from Asia; however, net immigration is closer to zero as some older Japanese Americans emigrate back to their homeland. Hence, there is a constant outflow and inflow of this population (Wikipedia, 2007b). On of the uniqueness of Japanese Americans community is that they have special names for each of its generations in the United States. The first generation born in Japan or Okinawa, is called Issei. The second generation is Nisei, third is called Sansei, fourth is Yonsei and fifth is Gosei. The term Nikkei was coined by Japanese American sociologists and encompasses the entire population across generations. Issei and many Nisei speak Japanese or Okinawan in addition to English as a second language (Wikipedia, 2007b). This shows the community is open towards learning and adapting to their new environment. Religion and Spiritually For Koreans, religion traditionally has been important. In fact their religiosity has become all the more evident

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Paper 2 - Essay Example passing the message and expressing emotion. He easily moves his tongue and lips to change sounds as he speaks and hence his voice articulation is good. He does not change his tone all through the video. His inflection is fairly even since they is little change in voice pitch. The quality of his voice is clear, and it matches the message being passed across. He accentuates stress on syllables in some words he utters. The pace of her words is smooth, and one can clearly hear all that she says. This video has at least three speakers, but the main speaker is Hope Solo. The tone of her voice changes depending on the kind of questions she is responding to. Her tone is both subjective and emotional at some point and at other times her tone becomes serious. She is very subjective when talking about the future of her career. Her voice becomes emotional when she talks about the harm that has taken place in her career. She uses long and short sentences to reveal her emotions at different points. The pace of her voice varies depending on her emotion. When speaking about positive issues she speaks fast but the paces slows down when she talks about the negative things. The volume of her voice also differs depending on the question she is responding to. At the beginning of the interview, the volume of her voice is high indicating confidence but she lowers it when the questions asked affect her emotions. Intonation of her voice is rises and falls depending what she is stressing on. Her voice articulation is perfect since she does not have any pronunciation problems. Her voice quality is clear, and she communicates with the reporter smoothly. The pitch of the voice in this video is moderately high since the speaker is confident about what he is talking about. His tone is bold and very convincing. He changes his pace depending on the stress that he wants to put. The pace of his voice reduces when he speaks about critical matters of entrepreneurship. A slowed pace

Molecular Microbiology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Molecular Microbiology - Case Study Example The commoner intravenous catheter-related infections are exit-site infections, as in this case, often with erythema around the area where the line penetrates the skin. Bacterial blood stream infections are common in this given scenario, and Staphylococci are the second most prevalent bacteria. However, a smear suggesting the staphylococci or Gram-positive cocci in clusters in blood culture as in here, is not sufficient for the diagnosis of true bacterial blood stream infection before the species is identifiable, since the most frequent of this species, Coagulase-negative staphylococci or CoNS usually habituate in the skin, and there is always a chance of contamination of the culture bottles during the venipuncture. In contrast, such an infection due to Staphylococcus aureus is virulent by its intrinsic nature, and isolation in one blood culture bottle is clearly diagnostic and is an indication of initiation of antibiotic therapy. Thus the therapeutic decision making is based on identification of the organism (Beekmann, S. E., Diekema, D. J. and Doern, D. J., 2005). The first test obviously would be to do a light microscopic examination. Direct microscopic examination may provide a rapid, presumptive report of Gram-positive cocci resembling staphylococci. Isolation of S. aureus should be performed using 5% blood agar following an incubation period of 18-24 h in air at 35-37 C. Staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol, resulting in a change in the colour of the medium from pink to yellow. Colony morphology may be used by the experienced observer to define presumptive staphylococci. A Gram stain appearance of cocci in clusters and a positive catalase test provide rapid indicators of staphylococci. However, in order to be able to distinguish between Staphylococcus aureus and the remaining members of the staphylococcus species, other tests are necessary. For clinical microbiological purposes, two or three simple tests suffice. The coagulase test detects the production of coagulase by S. aureus. In this test, one colony is mixed with plasma, incubate d at 37 C for 4 h and observed for clot formation. Samples that are negative at 4 h are incubated and observed again for clotting at 24 h. The slide agglutination test detects clumping factor (ClfA). This is performed by making a heavy homogenous suspension of cells in distilled water on a glass slide to which a drop of plasma is added. Within 10 s, the mixture is examined for presence of clumping (Chapin, K., and M. Musgnug, 2003). How would you differentiate the cocci in clusters from those in chain Cocci in clusters are named as staphylococci. All staphylococci have the ability to convert hydrogen peroxide into nontoxic H2O and O2. Both coagulase positive and negative staphylococci produce catalase. This test differentiates them from cocci in chain or streptococci, which cannot produce catalase and hence are catalase negative (Chapin, K., and M. Musgnug, 2003). What is the principle of DNase test and what is the identity of this organism and why Support your answer with microbiological diagnostic facts. DNase or deoxyribonuclease is an extracellular enzyme that can hydrolyze deoxyribonucleic acid to oligonucleotides. Several varieties of deoxyribonucleases are distinguished on the basis of antigenic properties, response to inhibitory substances, hydrolytic end products, and

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Paper 2 - Essay Example passing the message and expressing emotion. He easily moves his tongue and lips to change sounds as he speaks and hence his voice articulation is good. He does not change his tone all through the video. His inflection is fairly even since they is little change in voice pitch. The quality of his voice is clear, and it matches the message being passed across. He accentuates stress on syllables in some words he utters. The pace of her words is smooth, and one can clearly hear all that she says. This video has at least three speakers, but the main speaker is Hope Solo. The tone of her voice changes depending on the kind of questions she is responding to. Her tone is both subjective and emotional at some point and at other times her tone becomes serious. She is very subjective when talking about the future of her career. Her voice becomes emotional when she talks about the harm that has taken place in her career. She uses long and short sentences to reveal her emotions at different points. The pace of her voice varies depending on her emotion. When speaking about positive issues she speaks fast but the paces slows down when she talks about the negative things. The volume of her voice also differs depending on the question she is responding to. At the beginning of the interview, the volume of her voice is high indicating confidence but she lowers it when the questions asked affect her emotions. Intonation of her voice is rises and falls depending what she is stressing on. Her voice articulation is perfect since she does not have any pronunciation problems. Her voice quality is clear, and she communicates with the reporter smoothly. The pitch of the voice in this video is moderately high since the speaker is confident about what he is talking about. His tone is bold and very convincing. He changes his pace depending on the stress that he wants to put. The pace of his voice reduces when he speaks about critical matters of entrepreneurship. A slowed pace

Can We Talk Essay Example for Free

Can We Talk Essay The article Can We Talk? Researcher Talks About the Role of Communication in Happy Marriages gives us results as related to couples in marriages. In todays society, many couples are too busy to stop, sit down, and have a meaningful conversation with their significant others. Terri Orbach, research scientist at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, has studied 373 married couples for more than 20 years. We will examine the findings and explore some of the roles of communication in happy marriages. After reading the text and the required article, I became more aware of what self-disclosure is and how it can affect relationships. Self-disclosure is defined as sharing aspects of yourself with other people. This can be a form of showing your true colors. Sharing areas of yourself that may have been misconceived, showing interest in others, and being more involved are ways that you can open up and form close bonds. In marriages, you assume that couples are already in-the-know about their mate. But this sometimes can be a part of a learning process in the relationship. I can relate to the article because I often find myself at a loss for words. I have been in a few relationships that were on different types of levels; professional, informal and social. Within each of these relationships, there were limited sharing on my part. I would agree that self-disclosure is important in a relationship because it allows you to recognize issues and feelings, and also can help you learn something about self that was unknown. Effective communication promotes a sense of trust, that holds marriages together. Orbach states that by using her 10-minute rule, couples have a good starting point to reconnect with each other. Just 10 minutes to talk about the interests of your mate, areas of conflict, or even about the job made many marriages happier. Because men and women express themselves differently, gender does have a role in communication in relationships. Many believe that some behaviors are masculine and others are feminine. It is often discouraged for men to cry, they are taught to be strong and heroic, while women are allowed to show emotions openly.

An Analysis Of Proposed E Commerce Strategy Commerce Essay

An Analysis Of Proposed E Commerce Strategy Commerce Essay The rapid enhancement in the field of technology has necessitated businesses to consider the implication of technology in performing their business activities. The technological development along with the need for pursuing higher growth by way of internationalizing the business activities in international markets is highly in demand for the businesses to stay in the market. The higher level of competition has fostered businesses to make use of digital technology in their operational activities in effectively meeting their customers need. Most of the businesses are indulging in e-commerce practices in effectively performing their operations across boundaries. E-commerce is an important medium of presenting the business offerings to customers, as it involves the usage of technology that aids businesses in reaching wider markets easily. E-business is considered as new mantra for businesses in the modern world as it not only facilitates the development of business activities worldwide bu t also allows them to advertise their products and services in a more effective and efficient manner (Plant 2000). This report is aimed at performing a preliminary analysis of the proposed e-commerce strategy for ABC organization which has been to expand its reach to international markets and serve a wide range of customers globally. The organization presently deals in electronic products that cater to the needs of electronic items for a large number of customers. ABC organization is in immense need of expanding its operation in the international markets particularly because of increasing competition from the local competitors in Australia. As a result, the e-commerce strategy in the form of achieving expansion in the international market would allow ABC to cope up with the intense level of competition and achieve sustainable growth. The strategy of ABC is to develop a website through which it can be possible to offer its products and services in the international markets. In performing the preliminary analysis of the e-commerce strategy, this report makes an evaluation of the environmental analysis through the application of important marketing tools such as porters competitive forces analysis. Apart from this, the report will also include an assessment of the potential of e-commerce strategy in meeting its strategic goals and objectives. The role of website in satisfying its key stakeholders along with the major risks that ABC has to face in expanding its business in the international market will also be critically assessed in this report. Environmental Analysis of the Proposed E-Commerce Presence The assessment of the ABC organization implies that it is currently based in Australia and company is planning to expand in the international market. For instance, the target market as decided by the company for expansion is Indian market. This is because; the Indian market is growing one for the electronics products which can offer large opportunities for higher growth of the organization. Thus, the proposed e-commerce presence of the company can be identified as the Indian market through the integration of technology in its existing operations. A complete environmental analysis of the proposed e-commerce presence of the company has been performed below: Value proposition of the e-commerce strategy: The proposed e-commerce strategy of expanding to Indian market by ABC for its electronic products through website would likely to provider higher value to its target customers. The major benefit to customers from its expansion to international markets in India is the accessibility to a wider range of electronic gadgets offered by the company. The company specializes in providing higher quality electronics product at reasonable rates and as a result, it becomes a better opportunity for the customers to avail the extra benefits offered by the company. The e-commerce strategy will not only be effective in delivering value to its customers in the Indian markets in terms of making a wide variety of electronics products for Indian customers, but it would also enable the organization to outperform the competition easily and sustain its business effectively. Further, it will be a new experience for the customers in the Indian markets as the e-commerce strategy by ABC organization will enable them to have access to wide range of electronics products. Another important feature of electronics product by ABC that will create value for its customers is the faster delivery of products to the customers after the order is placed. This will be made possible through an effective supply chain management (Currie 2004). Core competencies that can be enhanced through e-commerce presence: The e-commerce presence will help ABC organization in enhancing its core competency of quality electronics product at reasonable prices because the volume of sales would automatically increase from expansion to Indian market which will allow the company to attain economies of scale. The ultimate efficiency can be achieved in terms of reduced cost of products which can easily be transferred to final consumers for the purpose of value creation for them. Core competencies are usually critical to an organization and an improvement over the core competency leads to the attainment of competitive advantage. In case of ABC, the e-commerce presence in the international market allows an opportunity to enable the development of core competency of enhancing the supply chain management functions of the organization, as it aimed at ensuring quicker delivery of electronics products to its international customers (Epstein 2004). Market analysis and trends of expanding to Indian markets: In case of the given proposed e-commerce strategy of expansion of electronics business of ABC organization to Indian market through website, it becomes essential to perform a market analysis of such market so that better expansion and ultimately, improved growth can be achieved from such strategy. Market analysis implies the analysis of all the major factors present in the proposed market so that necessary strategies can be developed and the potential for success in such market can also be identified (Doole and Lowe 2008). The market of India for the proposed e-commerce strategy is considered to be effective as the trends and statistics shows that the internet users are growing at a rapid pace in the Indian market. For instance, the statistics shows that India accounts for 2% of the e-commerce in the Asia pacific region, but the increasing population and literacy rate in the country has increased the number of users base for such e-commerce from $2.1 billion in 2008 and is expected to increase $6 billion by 2011 (Where Does e-Commerce Stand in India 2011). Despite having the payment challenges, the market for e-commerce is expanding at a rapid pace in India. For instance, the facts shows that India has the number of people transacting online in India will likely to increase to 39 million by 2015. With respect to e-commerce market in India, the estimated online transaction will improve and there is expected a growth to $24 billion by 2015 from the current state of $6.3 billion (Indian e-commerce Market Estimated to Grow to $24 billion by 2015 from the Current $6.3 billion 2011). This signifies that the e-commerce activities will be performed at a rapid pace in such markets which will provide opportunities to the e-commerce dealers in achieving higher growth (Charman-Anderson 2011). This shows an increasing trend for e-commerce related practices in the country which would be highly beneficial for the proposed e-commerce strategy of ABC organization. Overall, the market analysis and trends for e-commerce in Indian markets shows a positive trend which would likely benefit the traders who performs their business activities over internet. E-commerce strategy evaluation through Porters five forces model: The porters five forces model is highly useful in performing an analysis of the overall industry. The five forces model includes the assessment of the industry from five different points that would be highly beneficial in the given case of making an assessment of the proposed e-commerce strategy of expanding to Indian markets for electronics products by ABC organization (Turban, 2010). An evaluation using the important five forces model for electronics industry in India is performed as follows: Â · Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers are those who purchases thee products and services offered by the company. The buyer power is considered to be large when there are few dominant buyers in the industry. In case of e-commerce for electronics products, the buyers are considered to be the final consumers as there are no such major buyers that account for larger sales of electronics products in India. This implies a lower buyer power for electronics products in India which will benefit the proposed e-commerce strategy of ABC organization. Â · Bargaining power of suppliers: Supplier power is considered to be moderate in the sense that there are various online suppliers of electronics products in India such as LG electronics, Samsung, Nokia, E-bay and many more. As there is no one major players accounting for most of the supplies for electronics product, the supplier power is considered to be moderate (Singh and Anand 2010). Â · Threat of rivalry among existing firms: As far as the threats of rivalry among existing firms, it is considered to be higher because of the presence of large number of suppliers of online electronics product in India. Apart from major e-commerce dealers for electronics products such as e-bay, Amazon etc and various global companies such as Samsung, Sony, Microsoft etc, the Indian market comprises of large number of local retailers that provides cheap electronic gadgets at reasonable rates and thereby intensifies the level of competition. Â · Threat of substitutes: In case of electronics industry in India, the threat of substitutes is considered to be lower because the substitute product for electronics is not available. Consumers have to purchase the electronics products as the need for such electronics product cannot be satisfied through any other product alternative. Â · Threat of new entrants: Although the threat of new entrant is higher because of existence of large numbers of electronic dealers in the country and also higher infrastructure cost, but by way of considering electronic medium of doing business, the threat of new entrants can be eroded. For instance, the proposed e-commerce strategy of ABC organization will not likely to face the problem of new entrants. Overall, the porters five forces analysis for electronics products in India shows the availability of large number of suppliers which intensifies the competition and as a result, ABC organization need to consider the development of effective strategies for its expansion to such markets. Strategic Goals and Objectives of ABC The proposed expansion to Indian markets through the development of website will be helpful in addressing a wide range of strategic objectives and goals of the organization. For instance, the major strategic goal is to pursue expansion to international markets so that higher growth can be achieved. Further, such international expansion also allows the opportunity for sustenance of the organization as ABC is facing the problem of intense competition in its local market in Australia from a large number of local players. Thus, the main strategic goal of ABC can be considered as achieving international expansion that can effectively be possible through its website, as the website will be designed in a manner that would be highly suited to Indian customers. In pursuing the strategic goals of international expansion, the major objectives of ABC will be: Â · To offer wider range of electronics products to its customers in Indian markets so as to allow them a choice to make a selection. Â · To offer quality products at reasonable prices so that customer can be attracted initially and a strong brand reputation can finally be developed. Â · To present the information about its offerings in its website in a manner that attracts its customer at the first instance. The attainment of all these objectives will help in the successful accomplishment of the strategic goals of achieving higher growth in the e-commerce electronics industry in India. Key Stakeholders need from website Different stakeholders have different needs from the e-commerce website. For instance, the key stakeholder i.e. customer want the availability of large number of electronics products at cheaper rates and this could easily be fulfilled through the website of the company, as it allows the company to display entire information of all its offerings and as expanding in the form of e-commerce is not highly costly for the company, the wants of customers of availing electronic products at cheaper rates can also be achieved. In addition to customer, the investors want higher return on their invested fund which can be achieved through success in the business expansion of organization through its website. The satisfaction of its key stakeholder i.e. the customer would lead to the attainment of key goals of the website of the company which has been to provide wider access to customers for electronics in India. By way of performing a rigorous marketing of website, a better reach with the customer can be established through website and thereby, a better fit between the goals of the website and the organization can ultimately be possible. E-commerce business model There are large numbers of e-commerce models that are available to businesses in performing the expansion of their business activities in international markets. In case of ABC organization, the business models that will be used for its e-commerce website is Business to Consumer model (B2C). As per the B2C model, the target of businesses is to sell its offerings to individual customers through its website. The B2C model is an important model of e-commerce that is being implemented using the web. As in case of ABC organization, the strategic goals of the organization has been to perform international expansion and to focus on the consumers for electronics in Indian markets, it can be effectively facilitated through the B2C model of e-commerce. There are various such examples that have effectively used such B2C model in achieving success globally such as Amazon, Walmart, BestBuy.com etc. B2C is internet only stores that provides offerings to its customers through internet only and as id entified, there lies an important opportunity for e-commerce in the Indian markets, and the strategic goal of achieving higher growth can be possible through the consideration of such B2C e-commerce model (Morley and Parker 2009). Potential risks from e-commerce strategy From the proposed e-commerce strategy of the organization, there are various potential risks that company has to face and thereby required to make effective considerations for all of them. For instance, the major risk is the risk of failure of such strategy because of existence of higher level of suppliers in the electronics industry in the Indian market. Secondly, the increasing threats from hackers also lead to security risks to the organization, and as a result, effective planning is essential in order to effectively deal the security issues from the e-commerce strategy. The third major risk from the e-commerce strategy to ABC organization is the lack of experience of dealing with international customers. As the company has its operation in the Australian markets presently, the lack of international experience would cause severe problems in dealing with the customers internationally. The e-commerce strategy would also pose the risk of currency exchange, as dealing with customers i n India would require ABC to make necessary arrangements for performing is operation in Indian currency. As a result, the fluctuations in the exchange rates would increase the risk of the organization and it might be possible that company has to bear losses. All these are the major threats to ABC organization from its e-commerce business strategy of expanding to Indian markets through its website.

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

Inspector Calls –Coursework â€Å"An inspector calls† is considered a mystery play and is intended to force the audience to think about themselves and the society in which they live. However, it is written in an entertaining way. The play is set in 1912. This is two years before the First World War. The play was written in 1945 at the end of the Second World War. Priestly wanted society to learn from its mistakes. In 1912 there had been rigid class divisions, women were considered inferior and working conditions for the poor were often unbearable. At the end of the First World War, life did not improve much. Priestly was concerned that people should learn from the mistakes of the First World War. He felt that people should learn to look after one another. After the Second World War there were signs of change-Priestly felt that people should make the most of these changes and build a more caring society and welfare state. Mr Birling is a central character because he is the type of person Priestly wanted to teach a lesson. He is too concerned about his social standing, business interests and is totally selfish. He believes a man has to â€Å"look after number one† and â€Å"make his own way†. Mr Birling’s physical appearance is he is â€Å"heavy looking†; he is a man in his 50’s with good manners but rather narrow minded in his speech. He believes he is always right and every action him and his business do are the best that could have been done. He also believes that he works for the good of his family. He is heavy looking because he would stand out in a crowd with a big grey beard and I can imagine Mr Birling being overweight. Mr Birling likes to be in control. He likes to think he is the dominant force of the family. Maybe sometimes he is a bit too controlling. Sometimes he can be very bossy: â€Å"Give us the port Edna†. Often he acts like a snob. He thinks that men are superior to women and thinks he and his family are upper class. He treats women like he cannot trust them. Respect is something that he lacks to lower class people. The characters behave to him differently. His wife and children respect him and do not stand up to him: â€Å"just let me finish Eric!† The inspector does not treat him the same at all. Just because he is upper class the inspector speaks to him a normal person. This gives me the impression that the inspector feels that everyone should be treated

Summary of The Pearl :: essays research papers

Kino, a young pearl diver in La Paz, enjoys his simple life until the day his son, Coyotito, is stung by a scorpion. The wealthy town doctor will not treat the baby because Kino cannot pay the doctor's fee, so Kino and his wife, Juana, are left only to hope their child is saved. That day Kino goes diving, and finds a great pearl, the Pearl of the World, and knows he is suddenly a wealthy man. The word travels quickly about the pearl and many in the town begin to plot ways to steal it. While the townspeople plot against Kino, he dreams of marrying Juana in a church, buying a rifle, and sending Coyotito to school so that he can learn to read. Kino believes that an education will free his son from the poverty and ignorance that have oppressed their people for more than four hundred years. The doctor comes to treat Coyotito once he learns of Kino's pearl, and although the baby is healed by Juana's remedy, the doctor takes advantage of Kino's ignorance. He convinces Kino that the child is still ill and will die without the care of a doctor. The doctor then manipulates Kino into unwittingly revealing where he has hidden the great pearl. Kino moves the pearl when the doctor leaves. That night, an intruder comes into Kino's hut and roots around near the spot where Kino had first buried the pearl. The next day, Kino tries to sell the pearl in town. The pearl buyers have already planned to convince Kino that the great pearl he has found is worth very little because it is too large. This way they can purchase the pearl for a low price. But when the buyers try to cheat Kino, he refuses to sell the pearl and plans to travel to another city to sell at a fair price. His brother, Tom Juan, feels Kino's plan is foolish because it defies his entire way of life and puts his family in danger. Kino is now on his own, although he doesn't know it yet. Juana warns Kino that the pearl is evil and will destroy his family, but he refuses to throw it away because it is his one chance to provide a different life for his family. That night, Juana takes the pearl and tries to throw it into the sea, but Kino stops her and beats her.