Eco friendly theme parks Essay

Inquiring and analyzing Theme parks contribute to a number of environmental problems, one being air pollution. Theme parks require large amounts of energy; they need energy to power the rides, to keep the ac running, to light the park etc. Providing all this energy contributes to CO2 emissions. Not only does the park need huge amounts of energy, the transport to the theme park (e.g. cars, trains, buses etc.) also emit CO2. Also there’s lots of excess waste produced due to the large crowds attracted to the theme park creating trash. Also, water parks use an excessive amount of water to run their water slides, this creates water wastage. Theme parks may also destroy animal and plant habitat in order for them to be built on the right location but this varies from different theme parks. Why do we need a solution? Global warming is one of the biggest issues that our generation faces, by contributing in this battle against global warming every bit helps. Creating a more ecofriendly form of entertainment can possibly help save our planet. By providing an eco friendly theme park we’re not only making teenagers more aware of our environment but we’re also saving our earth from large emissions of carbon dioxide. Theme parks are mainly here for people’s amusement and entertainment where people can relax and have fun. They’re socially beneficial to escape from one’s daily life and bond with others. Identify and prioritize the primary and secondary research needed to develop a solution to the problem Conducting an online Survey using survey monkey targeting teenagers. 1) Conducting how often teenagers visit theme parks and what types to find a suitable solution (ages 14-19) of 20 students. How often do you visit a theme park? Never Once a year Once every couple of months Every months Every week What irritates you the most? Crowded areas Trash Diluted Air What type of Theme park do you prefer Water Park Amusement Park What would you think is a suitable solution against global warming? Solar panels Wind mills Recycling Hydroelectricity http://www.ehow.com/info_8483212_environmental-come-making-theme-park.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-power-help-environment.htm

Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Essay

Human behaviors can be intriguing and somewhat confusing. Human development is assessed through many factors and throughout this paper I will be discussing the interactions between the bio-psycho-social dimensions of development, the concept of human diversity and cultural competence and also explain the connection between general systems theory and social order. To understand the human thinking and behavior, the professional must grasp an understanding of the three elements I listed above. To begin to gain insight into the human behavior one may begin with the biological, psychological, and social developments of one’s life. These aspects of development are also referred to the bio-psycho-social. Biological concerns the physical aspect of a person’s life, psychological emphasize an individual’s thought process and the social development addresses the person’s interaction with those around them and in their environment. People are very complex and these three various aspects work together, shaping the person as a whole. When one of these dimensions is affected, for example if a person gets depressed this affects the psychological area; however their social interactions are also affected when the person stays in bed, this can lead to biological if the individual stops eating. The bio-psycho-social begins at infancy and continues to develop along one’s life span. There are normal developmental milestones which are significant in individuals’ lives; these are motor development, personality development, motivation, social development, and learning. There are certain developments that occur at age-appropriate times, which can help a professional define the word â€Å"normal.† An example, consider a baby’s motor development; by the age three or four they can dress and undress themselves. That is considered â€Å"the norm.† The normal development milestones offer a basic line for assessing human behavior, this way the social workers can distinguish between situations that merit interventions and those who do not. As a social worker it is significant to understand the human behavior and several concepts contribute to the understanding. Human diversity, which is the range of differences among groups, which include but are not limited to; age, race, disability, gender, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation. Then there is cultural competence, which is the master of a certain knowledge, skill, policy, and program. It is vital for the social worker to understand cultural beliefs, values, and practices of their clients. Human diversity is culture, it is the shared attitudes, goals, spiritual beliefs and social expectations that characterize a broader society in which people live. In today’s world there is a long way to go to gain cultural competence. Fortunately, social workers are adding cultural competence to their already existing strengths and values, making them well-appointed professionals to deliver the appropriate care to the people. The National Association of Social Workers recently developed a standard, requiring the worker to strive to deliver culturally competent services to their ever more diverse case loads. By the social worker becoming culturally competent, they are better able to address the person with diverse needs, such as the disabled, older adults, and those who are transgender or gay. It is a task for the social worker to find balance between the psychological aspects and the social environment, but it has been done; by the use of the general systems theories and social order. The connections between these two bring an understanding to human behaviors, the functioning, and the thinking of humans. General systems theory is that of wholeness, the system can be a family, a community or an organization. There are many concepts in the system theories; some of them are the system, boundaries, subsystems, relationship, input/output, feedback and differentiation. The general systems theory takes all that make that system and puts it together, â€Å"wholeness.† Social order describes the norm within society. By using these two concepts together the social worker can understand better their clients, their families, and their communities. All of which make the client who the client is. Human behavior in our society accumulates many factors as I stated throughout this paper. Many different concepts are needed to help the professional understand the behaviors of their clients. By taking into consideration the bio-psycho-social dimensions, looking at the general systems theory and gaining insight into human diversity and cultural competence, the social workers are better able to help the client succeed and become a productive member of society. Understanding human development and the social environment is the professional’s responsibility, to become culturally competent to handle all diversity that may cross their path and to respectfully gain knowledge of the client through their own biological, psychological, and sociological elements of what makes them; them.

Christmas Meaning

The message:†Best wishes for a Merry Christmas &a prosperous new year â€Å"wishes it audience a cheerful, hopeful and joyous festive seasons and also wishing its audience a fruitful year. Christmas tree is a symbol of renewal and victory we know that in this period it will be the end of the year and we will be starting a new year soon. It’s also symbolises everlasting light and life. Christmas tree also set a colourful theme for the Christmas season.Lights and ornaments represents glory since us Religious people will believe that Jesus Christ is born in this time and also the Star on top the tree symbolises the start that was above the stable that Jesus Christ was born in. The gifts will catch the shopper’s eye as they will know it that time of the year to spoil their loved ones with gifts. Candles represent warmth in our houses during Christmas season and the spirit of togetherness as we also know it as family time and time of sharing love.The gifts also symbol ises those that were given by the 3 wise men to Jesus Christ on the days he was born and also that God gave us his son as gift to us to be our saviour. Kids will also won’t be able to contain their excitement because they’ll know by seeing this image it means Christmas is near and gifts are coming ,But then again it all about peoples beliefs, upbringing and their viewpoint .Those who don’t believe won’t notice any difference except another spending holiday and time off from work . Most of us feel that the festive season won’t be complete without seeing this image or any other images related to this ,as we normal take it as an indicator that it that time of the year, whether we believe in Christmas or not.

Hillingdon Electricals Ltd (a case study) Coursework

Hillingdon Electricals Ltd (a case study) - Coursework Example This has eventually helped the company in building an appreciative reputation for itself in the market. However, in the recent years, the company has failed to deliver its services as per expectations, which resulted in its declining market share further affecting its competitive advantage. Contextually, the top level management of the company has decided that each of its stores situated all over the UK market needs to have a particular sales target for its various categories of goods. The scenarios highlighted and discussed below therefore deals with certain situations that the company is dealing with, post its approach of enhancing its performance. Scenario A (Tony and Ursula) In this scenario, it has been noted that due to a manual error, price of certain products of the company were advertised in websites and newspaper at a much lesser price in comparison to the present market price for the same. Subsequently, a customer named Tony bought the same product from the company website in a usual procedure as per the advertised price. However, in the following day, the customer received a mail from the company stating that the website was in total error which depicted a false price of the product and hence, the product can only be sold at its original market price. However, the company offered certain discount as an effort to maintain goodwill with the customer. In this regard, Tony denied to pay the present market price and demanded the product at the committed price in website advertisement. Correspondingly in another case, Ursula went on to buy a product from a retail shop of the company in accordance to the price advertised in the newspaper. However, similar to the condition of Tony, the store manager her that the actual price of the product was more than the price disclosed in the advertisement in the newspaper. Ursula too refused to pay the extra amount and demanded the product in the advertised price. It is apparent from the above scenario that human error is mainly responsible for the false advertisement of the company, which can be assumed to be unintended on the grounds of good faith. Despite of such considerations, the case can be considered as breach of the UK tort law. A tort is a crime that involves the use of unfair means in conducting activities that harms or results in loss of others. The harm or injury, as per law is not limited to physical injuries; rather, it covers emotional and reputational injurious as well (Findlaw, 2012). Correspondingly, the approach of the company, despite of the fact that it was owing to human error can be considered as a tort against the customers and competitors. It can therefore be classified as a clear case of negligence of the company in its advertising, which is illegal under and punishable under the tort law (Lawskool, n.d.). Conceptually, the tort law in the UK is applicable for several activities, which primarily includes activities related to negligence and duty of care. In simple terms , negligence can be regarded as carelessness of people in their work, which results in unfavourable impacts on others. According to the tort law, individuals or a body of individuals (companies or organisations or associations) should not depict negligence attitude

Good life two additional philosophical Research Paper

Good life two additional philosophical - Research Paper Example No one is therefore born good or evil, virtuous or the opposite, because everyone becomes virtuous only by virtue of deed. In fact, for Aristotle, â€Å"By doing the acts we do in our transactions with other men we become just or unjust† (II.1). Thus, no one can be called just or unjust unless he proves this through his dealings with his fellowmen. This alone presupposes that what Aristotle meant by a good life is a life of moral or virtuous action towards one’s fellowman. Moreover, for Aristotle, â€Å"happiness† is doing something for the sake of doing it and never for a particular purpose. The Greek philosopher defines â€Å"happiness† as the â€Å"end of the things we do, which we desire for its own sake† (Aristotle I.2). Aristotle, therefore, gives us a very strict definition of happiness, equating it with something that is desired just for itself. This therefore does not translate as money, career, friends and family because these things are not desired for themselves but for the happiness that they can give us. For Aristotle, happiness is virtue and the only way to attain it is by living the virtuous life, or the good life. The good life is therefore â€Å"the good and noble performance of [a man’s function which is based on a rational principle]† (Aristotle I.7). From this statement of Aristotle’s, not everyone can attain true happiness because the fulfillment of a good and noble purpose as a rational being cannot possibly be performed by all people. Therefore, the good life can only be had by those who live the virtuous and noble life according to rational principles. If, therefore, one is a teacher, then he must teach virtuously for that is what a good and noble life means to him, and so this life brings him happiness. For Aristotle, the good or virtuous life can only be had if one understands the meaning of virtue. According to the Nicomachean Ethics, virtue seeks â€Å"the

Paper-11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper-11 - Essay Example However, there is a recent paradigm shift in the perception and treatment of apotemnophilia, due to the increasing number of people who manage to get amputated in hospitals merely for this, or in cases where they fail, amputate themselves. If one could consider apotemnophilia in similar terms as gender identity crisis where transgender people feel trapped in the wrong body, the overtly sexual aspect attached to this condition could be warded off, so as to bring in a pragmatic approach to deal with it. Dr. Robert Smith, who had carried out a few controversial amputations on apotemnophiles who claimed to be happy with their changed physical selves, even considers it as a neurophysical disorder with biological roots. However, the ethical issues related to performing an amputation of a perfectly healthy limb of a patient have invited a lot of debate. It remains to be seen whether it can be seen as similar to sex reassignment surgeries. In the present circumstances in which people suffering from this disorder are taken into serious consideration, the incidence of amputations catering to apotemnophiles may increase drastically in the years to come. The after effects of such surgeries can be far reaching and unique. In the c ase of sex reassignment surgery, the patients may not have to undergo as much practical difficulties in life as in the case of an apotemnophile who would manage to get an amputation as s/he desires. Living without a limb calls for many related issues, and may leave the patients dependant on others for the rest of their lives. The fact that they would consider this situation desirable may make the issue complex, but one has to make sure whether they can be seen the better judges on the matter. If apotemnophilia happens to be a sexual disorder similar to pedophilia or necromancy, it has to be kept in check for the greater common

Operations Management - Managing Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations Management - Managing Quality - Essay Example Here are my recommendations for improving the speed and quality of loan requests department. Firstly, we should amend the loan approval procedure for consumers by categorizing consumers in two categories. First category should be of new customers or the people availing this service from us first time. Consumers availing this service from us second time or more should be constitutes the second category. The checking criteria for providing loan to the customers of first category should be very strict while people from second category should be provided loan to nearly previous amount of money checking the client's relationship with the bank in previous transaction or transactions. I also suggest changing the payment method of the loan underwriters from time period basis to the combination of time based salary plus incentive with respect to number of loan requests processed. In this way the loan underwriters will try to complete maximum number of loan requests in order to gain more incentive. Complexities and deficiencies in quality measurement are, in part, associated with the intricacies in defining quality and the varied application of the term. The term quality stands for a high level of quality in an economic terms but the term quality to explain fitness for purpose is the one that is most pertinent to the development of performance indicators for contracts.

Web-Based Courses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Web-Based Courses - Essay Example It asks of the students to remain at the convenience of their homes and attain education which is being imparted on the campuses. This has become such a huge part of our education systems that the world is quickly coming to terms with the very same. More and more research is however needed to ensure that there are fewer flaws in the connectivity systems which guarantee a proper linkage between the university lecturers and the students sitting within their homes or in the form of groups. The people who are most likely to benefit with the coming of age of these web-based university courses include the students who are unable to attain visa and permission for studying abroad in different campuses of the world. Also tuition fees is another significant aspect that comes under the related discussion, which could be marked as one of the reasons as to why students choose to have the web-based university courses in the first place. The disabled fraternity is also likely to achieve high quality education through the adequate use of technology coming under the heading of the web-based university courses and indeed distance learning. Then there are the aged people who are immobile and cannot move as such which form a large percentage of the students who acquire education through the use of the web-based university courses. However the single most significant feature of these people getting connected to the web-based university courses lies in the fact that fees is a major issu e and these people are unable to pay such hefty sums whilst enrolling at the time of admissions to the universities the world over. On the flip side of the coin, the weaknesses, risks, disadvantages and problems concerned with the web-based university courses are also present. These are in the form of absence of providing an interactive discussion with the instructors and fellow students in the real sense of the word. The aspect of asking questions and clarifying points could be marked with

Midterm Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm Writing Assignment - Essay Example During this period Richard Cobden and John Bright who came from the â€Å"Manchester School†, tried their best to bring about peace and harmony among the people by opposing war and imperialism which was rampant. Therefore, the term â€Å"Manchesterism† stood for the spreading of peace and goodwill among all people at all levels. Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who was a Jew, became an artillery officer in the French army because of his dedication and skill. In October 1894, he was sent for training which suddenly came to a grinding halt when he was accused of handing over military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris. He was promptly arrested and accused of treason. There was no evidence or conclusive significance that Dreyfus was in any way involved, but yet he was convicted because the Army thought that they may be blamed for lending support to a Jewish officer. The Dreyfus Affair became a political scandal. The word â€Å"Eugenics† is taken from the Greek root which meant "good" and "generation" or "origin†. During the late eighteenth century it was used to denote â€Å"Science† of hereditary or good breeding. Gregor Mendel who worked with the cross breeding of pea plants, made popular the concept of genes ushering research in the field of genetics. One strand of genetic research trailed off into the realms of social history which in the beginning of the twentieth century came to be popularly known as â€Å"Eugenics†. During the 1840’s, Britain was going through a heavy crisis period. They were faced with a lot of economic problems and working class unrest. Investments and rail-road building took their toll as there was widespread famine in Ireland and Britain faced some of its most miserable days. Hence, this period was called the â€Å"Hungry 40’s†. Barriers or restrictions that are imposed on foreign competitors would certainly hamper trade relations between countries

Bibliographic Summary of 21 Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Bibliographic Summary of 21 Articles - Essay Example The company she had worked with did not grant her application to pursue her doctorate degree even though she is "as good and as smart as any man" because she's "only a girl." There was also no available housing privilege for married female students when she asked for one at Stanford University. After keeping it into herself for quite some time, Gerber, being a woman, stood up for her equal rights and freed herself as well as other women from the prejudiced society in the 60's. She can no longer tolerate the situations that might eventually kill humanity. Sexual harassment is commonly observed in the workplace where there is an unequal power and authority among the people that can be taken advantage of. Defined broadly, it "refers to the unwanted imposition of sexual requirements in the context of a relationship of unequal power. Central to the concept is the use of power derived from one social sphere to lever benefits or impose deprivations in another Women employed in the paid labor force, typically hired "as women," dependent upon their income and lacking job alternatives, are particularly vulnerable to intimate violation in the form of sexual abuse at work. In addition to being victims of the practice, working women have been subject to the social failure to recognize sexual harassment as an abuse at all." (457) Its definition was derived on a social context, therefore, it is expected that sexual harassment becomes a common incident that may affect seven out of ten women at work. The problem has become so huge however, very few of which are brought to court. "The reasons are probably not limited to the lack of legitimized or sympathetic channels for complaint short of the courts, or to women's learned reticence, enforced through fear of reprisals, although these would seem deterrent enough. It is probably not because the problem has been adequately handled by the socially. That there has not been even one reported case until very recently implicates the receptivity of the legal system." (286) Humanity and womanhood are the concepts which the legal system had found its way out of the case. "the law has conceptualized women workers either in terms of 'humanity,' which has meant characteristics women share with men, or in terms of their womanhood, which has mean their uniqueness." (291) Addressing this issue, difference and inequality approaches had become the basis to prove if sexual harassment is sexual discrimination in the workplace as well. "Under the inequality approach, sexual harassment is seen to disadvantage women as gender, within the social context in which women's sexuality and material survival have been constructed and joined, to women's detriment. Under the difference approach, sexual harassment is sex discrimination per se because the practice differentially injures one gender-defined group in a sphere - sexuality in employment - in which the treatment of women and men can be compared. Sexuality is universal to women, but not unique to them." (312) Toobin, J. (1998) The Trouble with Sex. New Yorker. 48-55. The accidental invention of the sexual harassment law was just as controversial as it has been until at present. There were

Authentic Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Authentic Leadership - Essay Example As the essay discusses authentic learning has been proved to be a valuable tool in order to preserve the important elements of human history but also to achieve a significant level of development based on the knowledge that has been tested on the experimental field. The reason that authentic learning has been chosen as a subject for research is because of its very important role on the preservation and the further development of knowledge in all particular theoretical and empirical fields. The combination of authentic learning with leadership has also proved that the effective control of the educational activities can lead to the development of students’ level of knowledge no matter their usual performance in the school environment. As the paper declares a potential scheme of ‘authentic learning environment’ is proposed in order to prove the role and the function of authenticity in the learning procedure. The reference to an existed project dealing with this specific issue has been added in order to present the operation of similar strategies in the educational environment. A series of possible recommendations has also been added in order to identify possible areas that need improvement from a personal point of view. Traditionally, an implicit assumption of educators has been that classroom learning will more or less be transferred to other problems encountered at work, at home, or in other classroom settings.

Economies of scale and diminishing returns Essay Example for Free

Economies of scale and diminishing returns Essay In Business Economics, the short run is defined as the concept that within a certain period of time, in the future, at least one input is fixed while others are variable and the long run is defined as a period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable. The law of diminishing returns is a short run concept, which states that increasing successive units of a variable factor to a fixed factor will increase output but eventually the addition to output will start to slow down and would eventually become negative. This is because if capital is fixed, extra labour will eventually get in each other’s way as they attempt to increase production. E.g. think about the effectiveness of extra employees in a factory that’s maximum workers is 100. If the firm employs 150 workers, then the productivity will eventually decrease, as they will get in each other’s way etc. However, this law only applies in the short-term, as in the long run, all factors are variable. As you can see from the graph above, the average fixed cost (AFC) curve falls as output increases due to the fact that fixed costs are a decreasing proportion of total cost as output increases. Both the average total cost (ATC) and the average variable cost (AVC) curves fall, and then rise again. The curves start to rise after a certain point because diminishing return takes place. The distance on the y-axis between the ATC and the AVC represents the value of the average fixed cost (AFC). Just like the average variable cost and average total cost curves demonstrate, the marginal cost also falls, and eventually rises again as diminishing marginal returns take place. Economies of scale, however, refer to the advantages that arise from large-scale production, which in turn results in a lower average unit cost (cost per unit). It explains the relationship between the long run average costs of producing a unit of good with increasing level of output. Unlike  diminishing returns, economies of scale is a process that operates and is caused by a development over a long period of time. Economies of scale also have many sources whereas diminishing returns is the relationship between output and only one input of production.There are two different forms of economies of scale that could occur in a firm. The first is internal economies of scale. This refers to the advantages that are caused as a result of the expanding and growth of a firm/business. Internal economies of scale can be additionally categorized into commercial, managerial, financial and technical economies of scale. Commercial economies of scale arise from the purchase of raw materials and the sale of finished goods. When the firm’s output increases, they order larger quantities of the raw materials (bulk buying) and therefore these raw material firms favour these businesses, and offer lower prices due to their ordering of higher quantities. Managerial economies of scale is a process that follows the principle of the division of labour and creates specialization due to the firm’s ability to employ specialized employees, and this causes an increase in production efficiency. A financial economy of scale is when a large firm benefits by getting better credit facilities e.g. credit at cheaper rates, being able to negotiate better finance deals etc. Finally, a technical economy of scale arises due to large-scale production because there is a technical advantage in the use of large machinery in the production process. Technical economies of scale will most likely arise due to machinery being used in the production process, which are more efficient than human labour, and also require less maintenance, training and do not require payment. External economies of scale refers to the advantages firms/businesses can get as a result of the growth of the entire industry as a whole. Usually, the industry grows due to an improvement in a specific area of the industry, such as an increase in the local’s skill and training, and improving in the training facilities themselves, which causes an increase in the quality of training for the future employees or an increase in the foreign supply of labour with a higher skillset that before.

Rules And Behavior In Class And Halls English Language Essay

Rules And Behavior In Class And Halls English Language Essay Rationale: I chose this theme because it is an essential part of the school year. How you teach students to act in the beginning of the year will carry out throughout the rest of the school year. I have never had the opportunity to be in a classroom for the first couple weeks of school, so I would like to create a literature unit that focuses on this valuable unit that students need to learn. Summary: In this unit, I go through procedures that the students should know how to go through with ease. The classroom and school rules start off the unit, so that all students know what to do in the class in order to be respectful to the teacher and others. I then move into common procedures such as going to the bathroom, getting on a school bus, doing fire drills and intruder drills. I thought all of these procedures are very important to go over in the first few weeks of school. Often these drills are done during these weeks as a test to make sure the students will be safe in case of an emergency. Materials: Parish, Herman, Amelia Bedilias First Day of School, Greenwillow Books Carlstrom, Nancy, Its Your First Day of School, Annie Claire, Abrams Books for Young Readers Bloch, Serge, Butterflies in My Stomach and Other School Hazards, Sterling Thomas, Pat, Do I have to go to School, Barrons Educational Series Meiners, Cheri, Know and Follow the Rules, Free Spirit Publishing Shannon, David, David Goes to School, Blue Sky Press Kraus, Arthur, Leo the Late Bloomer, HarperCollins Modesitt, Jeanne, Sometimes I Feel Like a Mouse, Scholastic Inc. Jacobs, Paul, Fire Drill, Henry Holt and Co. Feldman, Heather, My School Bus: A Book About School Bus Safety, PowerKids Press I will also need the use of a bus for a day. Goals/Objectives/Assessments of the Unit: Goal: I want the students to be able to recite the rules of the school. Objective: Students will recite the rules of the school. Assessment: I will listen and observe students as the recite the school rules before the pledge everyday. Goal: I want the students to respect other classes when walking through the halls of the school. Objective: Students will quietly walk through the halls in a single file line with their hands at their sides and facing forward. Assessment: I will observe students as they walk in the hall. Goal: I want the students to follow the classroom rules. Objective: Students will create and follow the classroom rules. Students will then sign our contract when they fully understand the rules and consequences to the rules if they are not followed. Assessment: I will observe students on a daily basis to make sure the rules that they created are being followed not in the classroom, but school wide. Goal: I want the students to be able know the proper route to get out of the building in case of a fire drill. Objective: Students will recite and quickly escape the building according to the proper route designed by the school. Assessment: I will monitor and practice with the students to make sure they are using the right procedures. Goal: I want the students to know the proper behaviors to use on a bus. Objective: Students will perform the correct rules as said by the bus driver. Assessment: While the teacher is going over the rules I will go through and monitor to make sure students are listening and practicing the rules. Goal: I want the students to know what to do in case an intruder is in the building. Objective: Students will perform the procedures in case an intruder is in the room. Assessment: I will monitor students to make sure they are following the rules during this time. Essential Knowledge/Skills/Dispositions Outcomes: Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to recite the school rules, recite the classroom rules, and respects others while they are in the hall. This will allow for a well behaved class when the teacher is there or in case the teacher will not be able to be there for a day. Relationship to Standards: Students will meet the first and fourth standard of the NYS ELA standards. Standard 1.1 they will read, write, listen, and speak for information and understanding. They will meet this standard by writing the classroom rules and reciting these rules every morning. They will also recite the school rules every morning before the pledge. Standard 4.1 they will also read, write, listen, and speak for social interaction. Students will meet this standard by cooperating with their peers to create a set of rules for the classroom. They will have to listen to their peers for ideas. They will then write these rules with the help of the teacher. They will then all read the rules on a daily basis. Lesson Plans Lesson Plan 1 Date/Times: September 1st; 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st grade Theme: First day of school rules; Standard 1.1,4.1 Title for the Days Lesson: First day of school Goals/Objectives: Goal: I want the students to follow the classroom rules. I want students to make connections between their first day of school and Amelia Bedilias first day of school. Objective: Students will create and follow the classroom rules. Students will then sign our contract when they fully understand the rules and consequences to the rules if they are not followed. Students will list how their day and Amelias day were similar and different. Materials: Amelia Bedelias First Day of School, clay Introduction to the Lesson: Today in class, we are going to be reading a book about Amelia Bedilias first day of school. Then we are going to create our own set of classroom rules. Language Arts Activities: I will read the book Amelia Bedilias First Day of School by Herman Parish. I will have the students reflect on items going on in the story as I read it. Amelia gets lost and confused in this story a lot. Did you get lost or confused this morning? I will write down the similarities and differences about Amelias and the classs experiences with the first day of school. After doing this we will follow up the book by using clay just like in the story to create images of the students favorite animals. We will then display these so that parents will be able to see these after school. Now we will move back to the reading rug and create a list of classroom rules. The students will be the creators of these rules, I will be there as a guide to help students write down the rules. After forming the rules, I will ask students to recite the rules together. Students will be asked to review the rules and will be asked to sign the document, only when they are ready to, to make sure they have full understanding of the rules. Review and Summary: Just like in real life we may get lost in the school, but there is always an adult willing to help you. You just need to ask them for help. We also created a list of rules. In our daily lives we have rules to follow. Can you tell me some of the rules that you have to follow at home? Assessment: I will turn the rules paper over. I will ask students to raise their hands and tell me the rules we had just created. Lesson Plan 2 Date: September 2nd Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Review of Classroom Rules and Introduction of School Rules Goal: I want the students to be able to recite the rules of the school. Objective: Students will recite the rules of the school. Students will problem-solve to create rules for making students feel comfortable. Materials: Its your first day of school, Annie Claire and Sometimes I Feel Like a Mouse Introduction: Today we are going to learn the school rules. We will also read a story about a little girl who was nervous to come to school because she didnt know what to expect. We will learn how our school rules will help the girl to realize she will be okay in school. Language Art Activities: I will begin by bringing out a poster of the school rules. These may include rules about respecting others. Once I have read over the rules I will have the students read the rules along with me twice. I will then read the book Its your first day of school, Annie Claire by Margaret Wise Brown. As I read through this story, I will ask students to predict what she will worry about next. After reading the story we will go over the book and relate it to the school rules. So what happens if Anne Claire colors worse than you, what would you do? What if Anne Claire snores during nap time? Would you say anything? Do you see why it is good to have rules to follow? Why is it good to have these rules? We will then create another chart that represents what our class worries were about school. Think back to when you were going into pre-k or kindergarten. What were you worried about? After the first couple of days were you worried anymore? We will put the school rules in a spot where everyone can see them. The location will be decided by the students. Lets practice one more time. I will then end the class with Sometimes I Feel Like a Mouse. Review and Summary: How was what we learned today important for us in life at home? Could you use these school rules at home as well? How would you make sure that others feel welcome in the school? Assessment: I will observe the students while reciting the school rules to make sure they are participating in this daily reading. Lesson Plan 3 Date: September 3rd Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Bathroom Procedures Goal: I want the students to follow the classroom rules. Objective: Students will act out using bathroom manners after using the bathroom. Materials: Leo the Late Bloomer Introduction: Today we are going to go over the proper bathroom procedures. Language Arts Activities: Using the bathroom is something everyone will have to do during school. If you have to go to the bathroom you do not need to raise your hand, you may just go to the bathroom in the classroom. There is an occupied and unoccupied sign on the door. Can anyone tell me what these words mean? So if the bathroom is occupied should we get up and leave a lesson to wait in line or just wait until the person ahead of us is done? What should you do directly after using the bathroom? Thats right! Wash your hands. How long do you wash your hands for? You should put soap on one hand and turn on the faucet with the other hand, and then you should count to ten in your head. Make sure to wash the fronts and backs of your hands. Then you need to dry your hands off. I will visually show students with picture cards at this time. Now we will all practice washing our hands in groups of five. The classroom aid will assist with washing the students hands, while I read the book Leo the Late Bloomer by Arthur Kraus. This story emphasizes how being different is not weird its just different. I think this will be a good eye opener for students and this will help to make sure our classroom is a respectful one. Review: Do you wash your hands at home after you go to the bathroom? You should do this at home as well to make sure that germs are not spread around the house. Assessment: I will have the classroom aide monitor the students during this lesson to make sure they are being thorough and washing their hands properly. Lesson Plan 4 Date: September 4th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1, 4.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Rules in the Hallway Goal: I want the students to respect other classes when walking through the halls of the school. I want students to recite the meaning of common phrases. Objective: Students will quietly walk through the halls in a single file line with their hands at their sides and facing forward. Students will recite the common meanings of many common used phrases. Materials: Butterflies in my stomach and other school hazards Introduction: Today is our first day of specials. Today we will learn how to walk in the hallways so that we are respecting other classes while they are learning. Language Arts Activities: I will read Butterflies in my stomach and other school hazards by Serge Bloch. This is a short book that reviews the feelings of the first day of school. We will review page by page the sayings that were recited and I will make sure students understand each of these phrases. Do you know what this really means? If the students do not respond I will explain the sayings to the like put your best foot forward. After reviewing this, we will talk about the rules in the hallway. Can you give some ways to be respectful in the hallway? I will write these ideas on the board. Then we will practice these in the classroom. I will ask students to line up, now how did we say we should line up? Single file thats right. We will go through each rule before moving. I will then have students walk around the room the way that they had decided. Is there anything we forgot to put on here? If there is I will add this step to the board and we will practice again. Directly after reading, we will leave to go to a gym. Review: Do you think you will hear confusing sayings like this outside of the school? Why do you think that? Can you use any of the sayings we learned to talk to your parents at certain times? Give me an example. I will also review the hallway rules by having students list what they should do in the hallways. Assessment: I will monitor students on a daily basis to make sure that they are following our hallway rules. Lesson Plan 5 Date: September 5th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 4.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Review of Classroom Rules and Making Consequences to broken rules Goal: I want the students to follow the classroom rules and make consequences for actions if they rules are broken. Objective: Students will create and follow the classroom rules. Students will create a list of consequences for not following the classroom rules. Materials: Know and Follow Rules Cheri J. Meiners Introduction: Today we are going to review the school rules. Then we go over some consequences that can be made in case someone breaks a rule. Language Arts Activities: I will call on students to read the rules individually. I will do this until everyone has had a chance to read at least one rule. We will then think of some consequences to rules ranging from low to high. I will have some in mind so that this does not get out of control too much. Some consequences I have thought of are losing free time and getting warnings. If you get three warnings a letter will sent home to your parents. Are there any other consequences that you think should be added? I will then read the book Know and Follow Rules Cheri J. Meiners. This book lists four general rules. During and after reading the book I will ask students why we have rules, these are listed in the book so things are fair, we are safe, so we can learn, and get along. I will then ask students if the four rules provided in the book are in our general classroom rules. If one is missing we will add it to our list. Review: Why do we have rules? Can these same reasons be used at home as well? How were our rules similar to the rules in the story? Assessment: I will observe students behaviors in class to make sure they are following the classroom rules. Lesson Plan 6 Date: September 8th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom, School and Hallway Rules; Standard 1.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Review of All Rules Goal: I want the students to be able to recite the rules of the school. I want the students to respect other classes when walking through the halls of the school. I want the students to follow the classroom rules. Objective: Students will recite the rules of the school. Students will quietly walk through the halls in a single file line with their hands at their sides and facing forward. Students will create and follow the classroom rules. Materials: David Goes to School by David Shannon Introduction: Today we are going to read a story that reviews all the rules we have learned this week. Language Arts Activities: Read the story David Goes to School by David Shannon. As I go through the book students will raise their hands and tell me what rules are being broken by David. What consequences would David have in our classroom? What consequence did David face in his classroom? Do you think that consequence fit? Do you think David learned his lesson? Review: I will ask students to list the rules without looking at them. How can you use these rules at home? Assessment: I will monitor the students during the school year to make sure students are following along with the rules. Lesson Plan 7 Date: September 9th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1, 4.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Fire Drill Procedures Goal: I want the students to be able know the proper route to get out of the building in case of a fire drill. Objective: Students will recite and quickly escape the building according to the proper route designed by the school. Materials: Fire Drill by Paul DuBois Jacobs, bell Introduction: Today we will be reviewing the procedure for fire drills in school. Language Arts Activities: I will read the text Fire Drill to the class. What are some important rules you learned? Students: Stop what you are doing, Out the Door, Stay in Line, Stay in pairs, Stay quiet. Why is it important to immediately stop what you are doing? Why is important to go out the door, stay in line, stay in pairs, stay quiet? Once you are outside how should you act? Students: Stay in pairs, Dont Talk, Dont run, Stay with your class. We are going to practice this drill. First we need to look at our escape route. This is posted right next to the door. Where do we go first according to this chart? Where do we end up? Close to the school or far away? Lets bring our book with us to make sure we are doing this right. I will bring a bell with me to act as a fire bell. I will flip through the pages as students perform the drill. After coming back to the class I will have the students do an activity on safe fire procedures. They will then plan their own escape route for their house. We will repeat this during the day to make sure the students understand what is going on and how to get out of the building safely. Review: Which door do we use to get out of? If that door is blocked what do we do? What could you do at home with your family to make sure you all end up in the same place safely? Assessment: I will monitor the students during the practice runs to make sure they are following the rules and procedures. Lesson Plan 8 Date: September 10th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1, 4.1 Title for Todays Lesson: School Bus Rules Goal: I want the students to know the proper behaviors to use on a bus. Objective: Students will perform the correct rules as said by the bus driver. Materials: My School Bus: A Book About School Bus Safety by Heather Feldman, bus Introduction: Today we are going to learn about school bus safety when we go on field trips and ride them to school. Language Arts Activities: I will first read My School Bus: A Book about School Bus Safety. As I read the story, I will ask questions about the children in the book and what they are doing right. We will then go outside to get into the bus and practice rules. We will review the rules as we go along. For example, how to you get on the bus? How many people should be in a seat? We will then go back to the classroom and complete a worksheet where you have to circle hazards on the bus. Review: What are some of the rules used while we are on a bus? Assessment: I will assess students by observing them on the bus. Lesson Plan 9 Date: September 11th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Rules in case of an intruder Goal: I want the students to know what to do in case an intruder is in the building. Objective: Students will perform the procedures in case an intruder is in the room. Materials: David Goes to School Introduction: Today we are going to learn what to do in case there is an intruder in the building. Language Arts Activities: First we will go over the word intruder. What do you think this means? I will make a semantic web up on the board in order to include all possible definitions. Next, I will tell the students what code name is announced when an intruder is in the building; his name will be Mr. Purple. I will then show students what to do when an intruder announcement is called. We will line up sitting on the floor in front of the cubbies. This way no one can see us. I will lock the door and shut the door and the lights off. It is very important to stay seated and quiet in the room. Okay lets practice, I will start to re-read David Goes to School and a classroom aid will say Dr. Purple is in the building. Students will then move to the designated area and I will lock and shut the door and turn off the lights. After performing the drill and we have waited five minutes I will call the drill off. Students will then be asked to move back to the reading rug. I will ask them what went well. What could we do next time to make sure this happened quicker and quieter? Review: What does the word intruder mean? Can an intruder come in to your house? What do we do when Dr. Purple is in the building is announced over the speaker system.? Assessment: I will monitor students to make sure they are following the rules during this time. Lesson Plan 10 Date: September 12th Time: 8:45-9:45 Grade Level: 1st Theme: Classroom and School Rules; Standard 1.1, 4.1 Title for Todays Lesson: Review of Rules and Procedures Goal: I want the students to be able to recite the rules as best as they can. Objective: Students will recite the bus, intruder and fire drill rules. Materials: Do I have to go to school? Introduction: Today we are going to review the bus, intruder and fire drill rules. Language Arts Activities: I will have drawn a bus, person and fire on the board and I will list the rules inside each of these forms. We have learned about some pretty important rules in the last couple of days. Who can tell me some bus rules? I will list these in the bus. Are we missing any? Now what are our intruder rules? Now what are our fire drill rules? I will then ask students if any of the rules in each of these categories is the same. I will circle similar rules in each form with a different colored marker. How does this help us to have similar rules in each set of rules? I will then read, Do I have to go to school? by Pat Thomas. This will review the reasons of coming to school and give the students a feeling of wanting to be at school. Review: I will cover up the board. Who remembers one rule that is similar in all three procedures? How can we use these same rules in our own life at home? Assessment: I will observe the students work on the board to make sure they encompassed all of the rules on the board.

Stages of Developing a Psychiatric Treatment Care Plan

Stages of Developing a Psychiatric Treatment Care Plan A patient had been admitted to an A E unit after committing ‘deliberate self-harm’. He had attempted to commit suicide by overdosing on some headache tablets. When that hadn’t worked he slashed himself in several places using a kitchen knife. He arrived at the A E unit in an extremely distressed state. Why the psychologist was called in Although the patient clearly had very severe physical injuries a comprehensive psychosocial assessment revealed he was suffering from severe psychological problems. His symptoms seemed to suggest clinical depression that was so deep-rooted and severe it necessitated intensive and sustained psychotherapy. Thus, it was decided to immediately refer him to a clinical psychologist. This is consistent with professional guidelines, which recommend that self-harm patients are referred for psychological intervention if an initial psychosocial assessment reveals an underlying psychological problem (NICE, 2004, p.32). A clinical psychologist is formally trained to deal with various forms of psychopathology, including clinical depression, based on psychological theories and research (Davey, 2004, pp.713-714). In addition to carrying out in-depth psychological evaluations, to identify underlying psychopathology (using a wide variety of personality and neuropsychological tests, and clinical observ ation), the psychologist is trained to make a formal diagnosis, using set criteria. Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists have very similar training. However a clinical psychologist rather than psychiatrist was called in to deal with this case because the latter are primarily medical doctors, and hence typically use the ‘medical model’ for dealing with psychological disorders. Psychosocial assessment suggested that this patient primarily required intensive psychotherapy rather than medication. Theoretical concepts The clinical psychologist relied upon Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in formulating a treatment plan (McMillan, 2001, pp.599-600). Freud’s conceptualisations have had a massive impact on popular culture, and psychology and psychiatry in particular. Psychoanalytic theory posits that unconscious conflict, often emanating from childhood, and involving forbidden sexual and aggressive desires causes psychopathology. A distinction is made between the conscious (awareness), preconscious (memories that are readily accessible), and unconscious (repressed memories of which a person may not even be aware). Superimposed against these levels of consciousness are three components of human personality: the id (basic biological drives), the ego (restrictions imposed by external reality), and superego (conscience). The id operates at the subconscious level, while the ego and superego function at the preconscious and conscious levels. Perpetual and intense conflicts between the id and the other two components can generate considerable anxiety and, if unresolved, mental health problems. Psychoanalysis places considerable emphasis on the sex drive, or ‘libido’. Humans are thought to progress through several stages of psychosexual development. Fixation at any one stage results in various emotional problems. What the psychologist did During the initial session with the patient the clinical psychologist immediately set up a good rapport with the patient. The priority was to assess the patients’ problem, and develop a comprehensive treatment plan with clear goals for recovery. After an initial session the patient underwent numerous sessions involving free association, a therapeutic form of psychoanalysis (McMillan, 2001, pp.167-168). During this procedure, the psychologist encouraged the patient to verbalise whatever came to mind. Free association is considered to yield clues about the subconscious roots of a patients’ problem. The patient spoke a lot about his childhood. From time to time the therapist probed with searching questions encouraging the patient to elaborate on particular statements made. During each session the psychotherapist maintained an empathic and non-judgemental demeanour, in order to facilitate a high degree of trust between himself and the patient. The patient attended weekly se ssions over a six-month period. During the final month of therapy the clinician engaged in dream analysis, whereby the patient was asked to describe recent dreams in as much detail and with as much accuracy as possible. How the psychologists’ input was assessed By the end of therapy it had gradually become clear that the patient had been experiencing intense homosexual desires ever since puberty. These urges had been repressed for years, in order to conform to social norms and his parents’ wishes for him to get married and have children. The patient wasn’t conscious of these forbidden desires. The realisation made him feel much better, going a long way to explain why he had been feeling pathologically depressed, even suicidal. The impact of psychoanalytic therapy on this patient was assessed using a pre- and post-test experimental analysis (Coolican, 1994, pp.82-88). During his initial assessment of the patient the psychologist obtained baseline measures of psychiatric symptoms using the SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 1983), social functioning using the Social Adjustment Scale (Weissman, 1975), general adjustment in life, using the Global Assessment Scale (Endicott et al, 1976), and episodes of self-harm, using the Suicide and Self-Harm Inventory (Sansone et al, 1998) during the previous six months. At the end of therapy the therapist administered the same battery of tests to gauge any improvements in the patients’ mental health. Statistical analysis comparing pre- and post-test data, using a t-tested for repeated measures (Coolican, 1994, pp.281-286) showed significant improvements on all criteria: psychiatric functioning, and social/global adjustment, and frequency of self-harm. Bibliography Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology, London, Hodder Davey, G. (ed) (2004) Complete Psychology . London: Hodder and Stoughton Derogatis, L.R. (1983) SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual,  II. Towson, Md, Clinical Psychometric Research. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Fleiss, J.L. Cohen, J. (1976) The Global Assessment  Scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance.  Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, pp.766–771. NICE (2004) Self-Harm: The Short-Term Physical and Psychological Management  and Secondary Prevention of Self-Harm in Primary and Secondary Care:  Clinical Guideline 16. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence. McMillan, M. (2001) The reliability and validity of Freud’s methods of free  association and interpretation. Psychological Inquiry, 3, pp. 167-175. Sansone, R.A., Wiederman, M.W. Sansone, L.A. (1998) The Self-Harm Inventory  (SHI): development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors and  borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, pp.973-983. Weissman, M.M. (1975) The assessment of social adjustment. Archives of General  Psychiatry, 32, pp.357–365.

The Definition of Success :: Definition Essays 2014

"Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life - think of it, dream of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success.† – Swami Vivekananda -- What is success? How can I come successful? There's a library's worth of self-help books on how to become successful. Yet, at the end of the day, each of us decides our own personal definition of success. How will we balance security and adventure, challenge and safety, mastery versus risk-taking?.   Learning expert Dawna Markova's words are simple yet profound: "Each of us is here to give something that only we can offer, and when we avoid knowing ourselves, we end up living numb, passionless lives, disconnected from our soul's true purpose." How do we figure out that true purpose? Sometimes, it comes to us when we quiet the busyness in our hectic lives, when we look inward. For young adults, it often requires moving through the world, engaging in many new and different experiences to find what calls us, what excites us. While you are figuring out how you want to define success, it's useful to build leadership capacities, because the more capacity you own, the more options you will have over time.   Knowing yourself well is one capacity. Speaking effectively is another. So are writing persuasively, speaking a second language, and learning how to read a financial statement. The capacity that seems to be the best predictor of long-term success in the work world is learning agility-the ability to keep acquiring new knowledge, building ever more capacity. We know that adventures, such as traveling to new places and undertaking new projects, build capacity. Real-life work experiences-managing deadlines, receiving/giving feedback, identifying problems, and developing creative solutions-all build capacity and skills. This proves especially true when the work is new and different. Working in teams, interacting with

HIPAA Act of 1996 :: Health, Health Information

â€Å"The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 made it illegal to gain access to personal medical information for any reasons other than health care delivery, operations, and reimbursements† (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 166). â€Å"HIPAA legislation mandated strict controls on the transfer of personally identifiable health data between two entities, provisions for disclosure of protected information, and criminal penalties for violation† (Clayton 2001). â€Å"HIPAA also has privacy requirements that govern disclosure of patient protected health information (PHI) placed in the medical record by physicians, nurses, and other health care providers† (Buck, 2011). Always remember conversations about a patient’s health care or treatment is a violation of HIPAA. â€Å"All PHI is included in the privacy requirements for example: the patient’s past, present or future physical or mental health or condition; the provision of health ca re to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual† (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patient’s name, address, birth date and Social Security Number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word count 197) There has been some ethical issues surrounding the development and use of technology, that would consist of some advancements, such as â€Å"when in vitro fertilization is applied in medical practice and leads to the production of spare embryos, the moral question is what to do with these embryos† (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). As for ethical dilemmas that comes into play with â€Å"gene mapping of humans, genetic cloning, stem cell research, and others areas of growing interest to scientist† (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). â€Å"Life support technology raises serious ethical issues, especially in medical decisions regarding continuation or cessation of mechanical support, particularly when a patient exists in a permanent vegetative state† (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). Health care budgets are limited throughout this world, making it hard for advancements yet even harder to develop the advancements with restraints. Which brings us back to the â€Å"social, ethical, and legal constraints, public and private insurers face the problem deciding whether or not to cover novel treatments† 188. Similarly what was mentioned before the decisions about â€Å"new reproductive techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization (ICSIIVF), new molecular genetics predictive tests for hereditary breast cancer, and the newer drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra) for sexual dysfunction† (Giacomini, 2005).

EVALUATE MY OWN CURRENT SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES Essay

While working with a adult who suffer’s from ADHD and Dyslexia you can go through different aspect of satisfaction and also aspects that can cause problems and tension at work. The most satisfying feeling at the end of the day when it is time to go home and the person i am careing for has thurully enjoyed the day forgetting about the problems that persist on a daily basis. Human resource functions in an organization include everything that has to do with ‘people’, i.e., their recruitment, induction, retention, welfare, appraisal, growth, training, skill development, attitudinal-orientation, compensation, motivation, ect. Aspects at work that bring satisfaction Good preparation – having a clear idea of what the day involves Interacting in good conversation Solving problems helping him to overcome obsticles to help him understand different aspects that may be hard for him to understand Spontanious days out – being involved with the planning of the day Pay – adequacy of pay Aspects of work that do not bring satisfaction Same activities over and over again Unorganised days out I read that the motivation to investigate the degree of job satisfaction arises from the fact that a better understanding of employee satisfaction is desirable to achieve a higher level of motivation that is directly associated with patient satisfaction. Schermerhorn define job satisfaction as the degree to which individuals feel positive or negative about their jobs. It is an attitude or emotional response to one’s tasks as well as to the physical and social conditions of the workplace. Job satisfaction is motivational and leads to positive employment relationships and high levels of individual job performance. Job satisfaction can be considered as a global feeling about the job or as a related constellation of attitudes about various aspects or facets of the job. The global approach and the facet approach can be used to get a complete picture of employees’ job satisfaction. The work itself – responsibility, interest, and growth Quality of supervision – technical help and social support Relationships with co-workers – social harmony and respect Promotion opportunities – chances for further advancement I think that creating a PDP, Personal development plan can provide a long term vision of where i want my career to go. It would definaltley be considered a positive advantage for short and long term carrer options in the rapidly changing world of work. Planning for my future. Short term goals at work Graduate from college/university two years from now Improve my knowledge and research more in the profession i want to futher my carrer To improve my skills over the next two to three years so I can futher my career Things that i can change with a positive approach to work By identifying the causes behind my undisirable attitude and aproach them in a positive way. I can change the situattions that are affecting my attitude in a negative way are things that i can change. For example, if i find that my attitude changes in a negative way because i feel tired most of the day would be to plan my night before, so i can get more sleep at night, or take power naps during break or lunch times. Also If work is not challenging me enough, then i change my approach to this by taking on some new tasks. I need to focus on a positive mindstate that will help me approach work with a realistic mental image of what my relationship with my job should be. I need to learn to accept the fact that some tasks linked with my job may be less fulfilling than others. When i have lack of motivation i should learn not to let this affect or not allow me to complete my tasks or activities. I must understand that my change of attitude is my own responsibility, and something which i mus t plan and work towards. Evaluate the benifits of self-managed learning to individuals and organisations. link idea’s with my own work experience .. BELOW A broad definition of self managed learning is a process in which individuals manage their own learning and are responsible for controlling how, when, what, why, and where they learn. I will need to set goals for learning by understanding the purpose of what i want to achieve. Self-managed learning can benifit me by helping me to understand  and overcome difficulties at work. I need to learn more about the disability’s that the person i care for has, and try to plan more wisely my approach to deal with situatuions that occur. Larning outcome 2 (LO2) EVALUATE MY OWN CURRENT SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES AGAINST PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES – BELOW IDENTIFY OWN DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND THE ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO MEET THEM †¦ BELOW DEVISE A PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN WITH CLEAR AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND TIMESCALE BASED ON IDENTIFIED NEEDS †¦ BELOW DISCUSS THE PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN INCLUDING EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT SRATAGIES – REFLECT ON TIME MANAGEMENT STRATAGIES THAT I WILL NEED TO IMPLY IN ORDER TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETER MY DEVELOPMENT AN MEET MY DEMANDS †¦.. BELOW Learning outcome 3 (LO3) UNDERTAKE AND DOCUMENT THE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AS PLANNED . USING YOUR DEVELOPMENT PLAN. COMPLETE THE ACTIVITIES THAT YOU SET OUT AS YOUR NEEDS FOR DEVELOPMENT . RESEARCH WAYS IN WHICH I CAN DEVELOP MYSELF AS A PERSON IN MY CHOOSEN PROFESSION REFLECT CRITICALLY ON MY OWN LEARNING AGAINST THE ORIGINAL AIMS AND OBJECTIVES SET IN DEVELOPMENT PLAN .. SHORT CRITICAL REFLECTION ON MY PROGRESS IN TERMS OF MY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES I SET ON MY DEVEPMENT PLAN .. CAN USE FEEDBACK FROM WORK COLLEGUES CONSIDER LEARNING STYLES AND STRATAGIES : TYPES OF STYLES : AWARENESS OF OWN PERSONAL STYLE : IMPACT OF PERSONAL STYLE AND INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS LEARNING FROM OTHERS : FORMAL LEARNING . TRAING : OBSERVATION : MENTORING : SUPERVISION : TUTORIALS : INFORMAL NETWORKS : TEAM MEMBERS : LINE MAGERS : OTHER PROFESSIONS MONITORING . REFLECTING . PLANING Learning outcome 4 (LO4) SEE PIECE OF PAPER USE ALL IMFORMATION AND SKILLS THAT I HAVE GAINED THOUGHOUT THE UNIT AN DEMENSTATE MY ABILITY TO SOLVE A PROBLEM IN THE WORK PLACE SITUATIONS

Live in Essay

22 August 2008 In January 2008, the imperative judicatory reasonedated long cognise-in kinds as marriages. A despotic butterfly workbench headed by justice Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that children natural out of such a kind will no longer be called illegitimate. Law inclines in the interest of legitimacy and thumbs down asshole or fruit of adultery, the motor inn added.The top tribunal judg ment was followed by similar suggestions from the National guidance for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations do by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW want a veer in the definition of wife as described in Section one hundred twenty-five of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in live-in races should be entitled to maintenance if the military personnel deserts her.Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials exp ress in that respect had been disciplines where the patch led the adult female to accept that he was un unite or was break up or widowed and went ahead with the formalness required by marriage equitys or the custom governing him. As a way of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that stock- allay if a marriage was non registered, a womanhoods claim would stand if she provided liberal p chapiter of a long-term relationship.This underscored the Supreme begs stand that a man and woman, having lived in concert for long, would be presumed to roll one across been unite, unless it was rebutted by convincing record. Equal decentlys The new-fashioned govern is only the latest in a series of recommendations by motley bodies seeking pertain rights for the married woman and live-in female partner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath Committee to the Law Commission of India (2003) utter that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a swel l up-founded time, she should enjoy the intelligent rights of a wife.The surety of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) provides tribute to women at the hands of their economises as well as live-in partners, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did non distinguish in the midst of the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its occasion in a 1927 judgment made by the Privy Council, the Supreme tourist tribunals predecessor in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v.WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general principle Where a man and a woman are prove to have lived unneurotic as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the different be clearly proved, that they were reenforcement to start upher in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of concubinage. The Council made signifi stomacht additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited continuously for a number of age. For a live-in checkmate to be considered validly married, the judgeship valued evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the stripped number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. How ever, it added that though the stipulation for a valid marriage among a live-in mate could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasnt enough to earn them legitimacy if the evidence of their financial backing together was rebutt open.In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the pas de deux had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman stubborn to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebutter of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the ch ild, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her mother.In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationship as a valid marriage, accusative the authorities of minding a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The enamor from the courts A Madhya Pradesh gamey Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for some(prenominal) years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The trial court dismissed the case made by Singhs sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was honorable a mistress.The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her first husband was alive, and wherefore, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. But the appellate court set aside the trial courts order, a stand the Madhya Prades h senior high Court also agreed with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated in 2001 that a live-in relationship was not il heavy.Sharma had moved the Allahabad High Court to be left to do her own bid after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, following her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra police arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, impeach Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced objective evidence, including her full(prenominal) school certificate, to prove that she was 21 years old.On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, requester Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is higher up 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school c ertificate which shows that her date of institute is 10. 7. 1980. Hence she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woman, even without getting married, can live together if they wish to.This may be regarded as immoral by hostel, but is not il ratified. There is a difference surrounded by law and morality. Thus, a uniform view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the account of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, level-headed bureau for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of canescentBut such protective sanction raises other questions, notably about the debut of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a single woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which womans interest should the courts and law protect, and in doing so, can the apparent equality between married and unmarried couples be maintain? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy.In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court judgement contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, two for men and women, which affect it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal except for Muslims in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if both the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof?Theres al so the question of marriage- equivalent guard for a woman who enters a relationship with someone she isnt married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a female partner need the protection of legal standing equivalent to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class infantile great deal began as a contract of independence, as a way of retention away from the shackles of institutionalised marriages.In fact, its a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has seed to stand for. But, legal sanction give to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to evade in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, commitment and economic stableness that marriage is structu red in.Social geographer physique Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not hope in marriage. If live-in relationships are treated on par with marriage, many young men and women may not really like to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and giving legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will take a very long time.It still does not have a wit that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still curb to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. Theoretically, it may operate like a better advise than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a substitute for marriage, she says.

Ten Steps Of Billing Process Health And Social Care Essay

barroom One. Pre- history the longanimouss. Obt personal or bank the unhurried s demographics. Gather the affected role role s name, reference, surround figure, day of the calendar month of birth, the nature of the aesculapian exam job, the guess s name, reference, phone figure, relation of the control to the long-suffering, type of indemnification, as true s ID figure. Determine if referrals argon needed or is a anterior assign needed? Verify referral or mandate phone Numberss provided on the gondolad, co- repair snapper, co- policy, and whether the checkup job is due to an car accident, or a work related accident. This tuition helps to break if a commercial indemnity is essential quill or if an early(a) amends policy is primary. Information obtained at pre-registration is aftermathant to the focusing procedure and decreases denials ( Deutscher, 2008 ) . round cardinal. garmenttle the fiscal duties for the see. Verify insurance policy eligibility an d find how a great deal to roll up up forepart from the enduring of. amends and alone former(a) entropy demands to be reserve at apiece visit beca theatrical role long-suffering roles may transplant from one insurance course of study to an separate, move or modifyation occupations. Eligibility rear end alter month to month on accredited types of insurance thitherfore these types mustiness be verified on to on the whole(prenominal) one visit. This is anyway where an account of the inst entirelyation s policy on fiscal affairs is minded(p) to the persevering ( Deutscher, 2008 ) . posting Three. Check-in the patient. Obtain the aesculapian recital and demographics of mod patients. Confirm with returning patients that exclusively data is up adjust and up to day of the month. At this point, their record should be checked for any past guardianships still un compensable. If the patient s insurance testament non be viewing this visit, or if the patient is wit hout insurance, convey the patient specify a exsert accepting duty for the inviolate nucleus due of this visit. or so inst bothations collect co- behaves at this point ( Deutscher, 2008 ) .Measure Four. Check-out patients. Enter the health check and serve codes for the visit to set up a bespeak with the patient or the patient s insurance. consume them each(prenominal) prescription, lab faux pas or referral opuswork they index necessitate for night clubed work. Schedule a work through assignment if requisite. Besides record any minutess for this visit ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Measure Five. Reappraisal cryptograph configuration. Obtain CPT and ICD-9 computer codes from the come to ( s ) . Verify that all information is cover in the lead come ining it into the computing machine arranging. alone codifications should be checked for mistakes. all(prenominal)(prenominal)thing in the study should logically associate together so the insurance familiarity belowstands t he necessity for the checkup exam exam examination tuition applied ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Measure Six. Check hinge on ossification. When it comes to a load conformity program, the stairss in the deplume procedure have to be done right by the regulations and ordinances set by the conformity program. The medical records must h one-time(a) the right codifications for the charge to be right. A conformity program prevents fraud from happening, and helps happen and fix mistakes in medical enfranchisement and charge. Documentation must too review the regulations of the conformity program as good enough ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Measure Seven. Prep ar and transmit brings. This is largely done electronically now, and the transmittals of take ups have to be HIPAA compliant. This transmittal too involves the insurance company or the clearinghouse countive a reception of recognition of the arrogate filed ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Measure Eight. Monitor payer adjudication. This involves main tain an aging study which shows all corking films in columns, establish on how many yearss old they ar in 30 twenty- four-spot hours increases. At 30 yearss, the procedure of naming on or resubmitting the title of respect begins ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Step Nine. Gene arrange patient areaments. supervise of patient balances is all(prenominal) bit of import. This is handled by directing monthly statements to patients with balances owing ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Measure Ten. Follow up on patient payments and handle assemblages. Identify which statements have gone out more than one time. If it has been direct triad times so it s of import to allow the patient know that his or her history is in danger of being sent to aggregation ( Fordney, 2008 ) .1.a. Brush figures. The brush kind is known by several different names, such(prenominal) as superbill, charge faux pas, and routing signifier. This signifier is printed out and attached to the patient s health record at the snippet of ch eck-in. Besides the identifying information, it besides contains the procedural and diagnostic codifications and whether the patient should return for an assignment. This is a combination of a measure, an insurance signifier and a rout- formation apply in twain computing machine and paper establish systems. For computerized systems, this signifier can be scanned to input the charges and diagnoses into the patient s history and medical record. Some have barcodes that can be read to input the charges and diagnoses into the patient s history and medical record. Some medical patterns use the brush signifier as a routing opinion poll and as an bill to the patient. When apply as a routing sheet, it becomes a beginning paper for insurance remove informations. The brush s forge and diagnostic codification subdivisions should be updated on reprinted twice a twelvemonth, ground on alterations, add-ons, and omissions of procedural and diagnostic codifications ( Fordney, 2008 ) import up of Benefits. The Explanation of Benefits ( EOB ) , besides referred to as subsidence advice, is a papers issued saying the send of the contain. This is sent by the remunerators to both the beneficiarys and providers. EOBs provide the necessary information round claim payment information and patient duty sums. both health insurance company, including HMOs, is required to supply the insured or subscriber with an Explanation of Benefits in response to the filing of a claim. EOBs be non required when assistant is provided by a take component provider who receives full reimbursement straight from the insurance company, but leave be provided upon require. Each EOB must include the succeeding(prenominal) name of the supplier of the redevelopment, day of the month of utility, assigning of the circle, supplier s charge, the sum or per centum collectable later deductibles, co-payment and any different decrease of the sum claimed, telephone figure or reference where an insured may obtain elucidation, information on how to charge an entreaty of a denial of benefits, including the applicable timeframe to register ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Advance benefactive role maintain. An Advance Beneficiary Notice ( ABN ) is besides known as a release of li great power. When a patient is to have a serve well or an point from a take parting supplier or suppler, that might be denied for medical necessity by Medic ar, the supplier or provider must inform the patient and have him or her agree to pay for the denied service in progress. Every infinite on the ABN must be modify in before giving it to the patient to subscribe. Suppliers on the other manus, atomic number 18 non required to give the patient an ABN for go or points excluded from Medic ar coverage. ABNs merely use if the patient is in the original Medic atomic number 18 program, and non in a Medicargon individual(a) wellness program. If the patient does non acquire an ABN to subscribe before the serv ice or point from the supplier, it is non specifically excluded from coverage, and Medic argon does non pay for it, so the patient does non hold to pay for it. If the supplier does give the patient an ABN that is signed before service or given the point, and Medi fretfulness does non pay for it, so the patient will hold to pay the supplier. Medicare considers the appropriate custom of ABNs a conformity issue. When directing in a claim, the HCPCS qualifier -GA must be added to the appropriate codifications to maneuver that the patient has signed the release ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Remittance Advice. electronic remittance advice ( ERA ) is an on-line dealing about the position of a claim. It gives information on claims paid or denied, and sends a ground to the charge specializer. Managed fear programs pay by either a capitation system or ascendentd on the services given to the patient with a statement of remittal or account of benefits ( EOB ) . In the system when payment is based on s ervices rendered, and a statement of remittal or EOB is generated, such statements will enumerate services that have been rendered to patients and normally indicate the sum billed, sum allowed, sum paid, and any co-payment to be make by the patient. By and large patients under managed worry programs do non have an EOB. With Medicaid, if a supplier wants to have an ERA, so a signifier must be blameless and sent to the financial agent. If a supplier is utilizing the paper system, so Medicaid will direct a remittal advice ( RA ) with all Medicaid payment cheques. Medicare sends a payment cheque on with a subject arealy standardised papers to take parting doctors called a Medicare RA. On the front side of the RA are position codifications that are the same nationwide, stand foring the ground a claim may non hold been paid in full or was denied, etc. These codifications are define on the rearward side of the RA. Non-participating doctors besides receive an RA with payment informat ion about unassigned claims ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Engagement Contracts. Participating suppliers ( par ) has a selectual understanding with an insurance program to render tutelage to eligible donees and so measures the third ships company straight. The third party remunerator pays its part of the allowed sum, and the supplier measures the patient for the balance non paid by the insurance company, subsequently the excluded part is adjusted off the history. There are several(prenominal) programs though where the take parting supplier is called a member, and they may accept the payment as payment in full, or may be free to measure the patient for any unpaid balance, depending on the contract ( Fordney, 2008 ) .1.b. Adjudication procedure for remunerators and suppliers. Once a claim has been sent to the patient s wellness program, the remunerators review the claims through the adjudication procedure. Through this procedure the remunerator puts the claim through a series of stairss to find if it should be paid or non. After these stairss are sail throughd, the remunerator decides to either pay the claim in full, to merely pay some of it, or to refuse it wholly. Upon this, a study is sent to the supplier along with payment. If the patient has more than one insurance program, the primary program will direct the balance of the claim to them. Suppliers have contracted agreements with each remunerator whence what the remunerator pays out may non fit the supplier s fee. Most suppliers so adjust/write off the difference of their fee to what the remunerator pays out. It is every bit of import for the supplier to supervise the claims. The scurrying the supplier can have payment the cave in his or her bottom line becomes. To supervise the claim during adjudication, the supplier must cognize the sum of magazine the remunerator is allowed to take to react to the claim, and how long the claim has been in procedure. Suppliers have to register the claim deep down a plas tered sum of clip after the service, and remunerators have to treat clean claims at bottom the claim turn-around clip agreed upon in the engagement contract ( prompt-pay Torahs ) . Aging is the 3rd portion of claim followup. Producing an aging study lets the supplier cognize how long the remunerator has had the claim. HIPAA 276 is the enquiry that is sent to obtain information on the position of a claim and HIPAA 277 is the response returned by the remunerator. From here the supplier must cognize the timetable for subjecting a corrected claim and how to register a second claim if necessary, how to feed sticker if a claim has been denied for losing or wrong informations, and how to manage a petition for more information or assay-mark ( Valerius, Newby & A Seggern, 2008 ) .2. Claims mental shapeingHospital/Facility Claims ProcessingClaims transmitting The infirmary forwards the medical claims to the medical charge team via a messenger or as scanned paperss. The medical claim m ust be support by patient inside informations such as demographics, superbills, charge sheets, insurance confirmation informations, a counterpart of the insurance card and any other information refering to the patient ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Retrieval and Checking of medical examination Claims The medical charge staff accesses the medical claims and back uping paperss. All paperss are checked for illegible or losing paperss and the infirmary charge office is notified instantly so that they can re-scan and direct losing paperss ( Fordney, 2008 ) . medical examination Cryptography An of import measure in claims treating is to repair the process and diagnoses codifications for each patient based on criterions such as CPT ( Current procedural Terminology ) and ICD-9 ( Inter guinea pig Classification of Diseases, Ninth var. ) . The arcdegree of service determines the 5-digit process codification, age the study codification is based on the medical diagnose made by the mendelevium ( Fo rdney, 2008 ) .Charge being Medical Billing professionals will so be appropriate medical claims based on charge regulations refering to specific bearers and locations. All medical claims must be created within agreed turnaround times by and large 24 hours. A thorough size up and checking of the completed medical claims is done at aggregate degrees. The medical claims are checked for right and complete information, right process and diagnose codifications, and the genuineness of all other applicable information about the patient, since rudimentary/ awry(p) information is one of the individual close to public railway yard for rejection of medical claims ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Medical Claims scrutinize A thorough audit and checking of the completed medical claims is done at quadruplex degrees. The medical claims are checked for right and complete information, right process and diagnosing codifications and genuineness of all other relevant information about the patient since in complete/incorrect information is one the individual most common ground for rejection of medical claims ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Medical Claims Transmission Medical claims created are filed for follow up before they are sent electronically to the claims transmittal section with all relevant information on each medical claim ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Claims Submission to redress Agencies The audited, listed and recorded medical claims are printed out and dispatched to allow damages Agencies or governmental sections, with any fond regards or back uping paperss that may be required for colony ( Fordney, 2008 ) . implement and Settlement This involves the terminal phases where the medical charge squad follows up consistently with the insurance companies and payment bureaus until the concluding colony is disbursed ( Outsource2india, 2010 ) .Reprinted from Outsource2india, 2010Physician/Provider Claims Processing data entry of patient demographics, mentioning doctor, CPT and ICD codes, and Modifie r ( s ) is entered into the medical charge packageScan the paperss for charge mistakes and relieve them if neededAdjudicate client claims for truth forwardness of Explanation of Benefits ( EOBs )Submit and file the claim with the insurance companyFollow up on the claims with the insurance companyApprise biller of the position of the claimProcess denied claims and re-adjudicate them for claims entry ( Outscource2india, 2010 )Comparison of Commercial, Managed caution and national amends PlansCommercial wellness insurance covers medical disbursals and impairment income for theInsured and are sold for by profit income bearers. Policies vary in sums harmonizing to the types of specific coverage that they provide. It is besides coverage that provides two types of benefits disablement income and medical disbursals ( answers.com ) .Managed Care Insurance feature is the inducement for the insured to continue within a specific web of wellness trouble suppliers. Managed trouble plans fall into 3 primary types HMO, PPO, and POS. HMOs provide medical intervention on a postpaid footing, which means that HMO members pay a furbish up monthly fee, irrespective of how much medical perplexity is needed in a certain clip period. A PPO is made up of physicians and or infirmaries that provide medical service merely to a specific group and a system where the patient pays no deductible and normally merely a little co-payment when they use a wellness upkeep supplier within their web ( answers.com ) . national Insurance plans. One of the most outstanding characteristics of the federal official Employee health Benefit Program ( FEHBP ) is the picks it allows. There are three types of programs fee-for-service and preferable supplier organisation ( PPO ) , normally offered combined, HMOs, and high school deductible wellness insurance programs and other consumer-driven programs. In the FEHBP, the federal authorities sets minimum criterions and if met by an insurance company, allows it to take part in the plan. The consequence is drove viing insurance programs that are available to federal employees. The FEHBP has oftentimes been proposed as a theoretical account for national wellness insurance and sometimes as a plan that could straight inscribe the uninsured ( opm.gov ) .major(ip) Payment and ReimbursementsA Prospective Payment form ( PPS ) is a method of reimbursement in whichMedicare ( CMS ) payment is made based on a predetermined placed sum. The payment sum for a whimsical service is derived based on the motley system of that service, such as diagnosis-related groups ( DRG ) for con infirmary services.A DRGs have been used in the US since 1983 to find how much Medicare pays the infirmary, since patients within each class are clinically similar, and will engage the same degree of infirmary options ( Fordney, 2008 ) .In the prospective payment method, payment order for health care services are established in progress for a specific clip pe riod. Two types of prospective payment methods are per-diem and case-based payment. In per-diem, the 3rd party remunerator reimburses the supplier with a icy rate for each twenty-four hours a cover patient is hospitalized. In warrant based, 3rd party remunerators reimburse suppliers per instance instead than for each service or per diem ( Casto, Layman, 2006 ) .CMS besides uses separate PPSs for reimbursement to acute inpatient infirmaries, place wellness bureaus, hospice, hospital outpatient, inmate psychiatricalal installations, inmate rehabilitation installations, long-run wariness infirmaries, and happy care for installations ( CMS.gov ) .Another state SpainDuring the 1980 s alterations came to the Spanish health care plan. First they started with a societal security system that assured wellness anxiety coverage for merely the working and retired people while a combination of common and offstage organisations ensured prefatorial attention for the remainder of the popu lation. It was nt until 1997 that DRG steganography came into drama for hospital reimbursement. Previously wellness attention was reimbursed harmonizing to a per speck system based on Basic assistant Units ( Cots, Salvador, Chiarello, Bustins, Castells, ( n.d. ) ) .DRG payment systems were foremost used in Catalonia in 1997. They adopted the CMS DRG coding version. Hospitals certain an sum per instance depending on the proportional mean DRG lean of all infirmary get downs. The infirmary comparative ration is cipher by a fix sum that is produce yearly. Catalonia wellness sets the exclude monetary values for each comparative resource strength ( IRR ) and the construction comparative index ( IRE ) every bit good as two burdening per centums. IRE reflects the infirmary s construction degree, while the degree of the infirmary s ingestion of resources ( IRR ) is defined by DRG discharge weights coded with CMS DRGS ( Cots, Salvador, Chiarello, Bustins, Castells, ( n.d. ) ) . dod ge Different PPS in the United statesPhysician attention groups ( PCHs )PPS method for physician services in ambulant scenesvisit basedclassified services harmonizing to clinical similarity and sceneincludes patients from all age groups and from part of the universe with instance mixes of diseases and differing forms of health care pitchPediatric Modified Diagnosis Related Groups ( PM-DRGs )for newborns and paediatric patients positive by National Association of Children s Hospitals and Related InstitutionsAll Patient DRGs ( AP-DRGs ) categorizations for neonatal, paediatric, bad obstetrical, multiple injury, organ graft, and ventilator-dependent patientsallows accurate comparings of patients in footings of length of stay, resource ingestion and resultsInternational refined DRGs ( IR-DRGs )inpatient categorization systemdesigned for footing of payment of global health careClinical jeopardise groups ( CRGs )predicts in store(predicate) health care outgoscapitated payment systemi ncludes all age groupsfee for service reimbursement and episode of attention reimbursementbased on unit of payment ( Casto, Layman, 2006 ) sharp-worded inpatient PPSeach instance is categorized into a diagnosis-related group ( DRG )each DRG has a payment weight assigned to it, based on the mean resources used to handle Medicare patients in that DRGbasal payment rate is multiplied by the DRG comparative weight.Home health PPSMedicare pays place wellness bureaus ( HHAs ) a preset base paymentadjusted for the wellness status and attention demands of the doneepayment is besides adjusted for the geographic differences in rewards for HHAs across the state.instance mix registration for the wellness status, or clinical features, and service demands of the doneeprovide HHAs with payments for each 60-day episode of attention for each benefitInpatient Psychiatric Facilities PPSpaid under the infirmary inmate prospective payment system ( PPS )certain types of forte infirmaries and units were excluded from PPS because the PPS diagnosing related groups do non accurately history for the resource be for the types of patients set in those installationsFacilities originally excluded from PPS included rehabilitation, psychiatric, kids s, malignant neoplastic disease, and long term attention infirmaries, rehabilitation and psychiatric infirmary distinguishable portion units, and infirmaries located away the 50 body politics and Puerto Rico( BBRA ) ( Pub.L. 106-113 ) , directed the development of a per diem PPS for inmate psychiatric services furnished in infirmaries and exempt units.Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities PPSauthorizes the functioning of a per discharge prospective payment system ( PPS ) ,utilize information from a patient appraisal putz ( IRF PAI ) to sort patients into distinguishable groups based on clinical features and expected resource demands.Separate payments are careful for each group, including the application of instance and installation degree a ccommodations. ample-Term Care Hospital PPSa per discharge system with a diagnosis-related group ( DRG ) based patient categorization systemreflects the differences in patient resources and bethe Secretary shall analyze, and may supply for, accommodations payments to DRG weights, country pay accommodations, geographic reclassification, outliers, updatesSkilled Nursing Facilities PPSpayment rates are adjusted for instance mix and geographic fluctuation in rewardsscreen all costs of supplying covered SNF services ( everyday, accessory, and capital-related costs ) .Inpatient PPS PC Pricerinfirmary is paid a fixed sum for each patient discharged in a Diagnosis Related Group ( DRG )fixed sum is mean to cover the cost of use a typical patient for a peculiar DRG.The PPS Pricer package, calculates discharges from October 1 through September 30 for a given financial twelvemonth ( CMS.gov ) .6.Local Medical analyseLocal medical reassessment policies are developed to assist suppliers and p roviders in subjecting right claims for payment. Local policies intimate when and under what conditions a service, point, or supply is considered medically certain and necessary, every bit good as the methods contractors will utilize to refresh claims. These policies are the invention of the reappraisal procedure. They define the service, decides when a service is assured and necessary, outlines any coverage standards or specific certification demands, provides specific coding or modifier information and provides mentions upon which the policy is based. CMS requires that local policies be consistent with national guidelines, hence utilizing an consultative commission of medical professionals within Medicare and the medical community, LMRPs is developed. Once they are developed and implemented, LMRPs so provides the determination devising standards for any claim reappraisal and payment determinations. With each province prop its ain Medicare contractor, A consequences in each p rovince holding its ain LMRP Local Medical reassessment Policies ( LMPR, 2010 ) .7.HIPAA secrecy and aegis persistHIPAA privateness regulation applies to protected wellness information ( PHI ) in any signifier or medium while the security measure manage covers merely PHI that is electronically stored or transmitted by covered entities. The auspices Rule ( SR ) has a broader enterprise than the confidentiality focal point of the Privacy Rule. This Security Rules aims at guaranting the unity and approachability of electronic PHI excessively. The Security Rule has to turn to issues such as informations backup, calamity recovery and exigency operations. SR has to do certain that covered entities that collect, maintain, use or transmit PHI in electronic signifier must build sensible and appropriate administrative, physical and proficient precautions that guarantee unity, handiness and confidentiality. Such processs must supply protection against any moderately awaited menaces or jeopardies. The Security Rule besides includes a criterion for electronic signatures ( Fordney, 2008 ) .8.Classifications, Taxonomies, Terminologies and TerminologiesTaxonomies are defined as the scientific discipline of categorization. These are the numeral and alphasupplier forte 10 figure codifications which are assigned to sort each wellness attention supplier. Taxonomy codifications are necessary because some institutional suppliers may non take to use for a alone national supplier figure for each of its subparts. The type of forte could impact the doctor s wage depending on the contract with the remunerator ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Categorizations are legion in the claims processing. There is the categorization of diseases, and categorization of patients outpatient, inmate, and ambulatory patients, to call a few. Everything is put into a categorization which if used and understood, helps the claims processor with truth ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Terminologies are footings abbreviated to i nitials. In claims insurance there are EOB, ERA, HMO, DRG, CPT, APG, AVG, MDC, AMA, CMS, EDI, ED, etc. It s the alone linguistic converse spoken by claim processors. A terminology can hold several significances therefore it is of import to cognize which terminologies are non acceptable to a installation. Besides, when in uncertainty, inquire a physician or other medical professional what the abbreviation means ( Fordney, 2008 ) .In claims treating nomenclatures such as EOBs ( Explanations of Benefits ) , EOMB ( Explanation of Medicare Benefits ) , ERA ( electronic Remittance Advice ) , RA ( remittal advice ) are illustrations. These are words that are easy understood throughout the profession ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Office of Inspector GeneralOIG undertakes countrywide audits, every bit good as probes and reviews to reexamine theclaim entry procedure of suppliers and reimbursement forms of the plans. The presence of an OIG conformity plan can significantly relieve impose punishments i n the event of an OIG audit or other finds of deceitful charge activities. A all-around(prenominal) auditing and monitor plan will assist minimise the hazard of fraud and maltreatment by placing hazard countries ( igo.state.gov ) . woodland Improvement Organization in MichiganMPRO is a non-profit-making organisation and serves as the forest progress organisation( QIO ) for Michigan since 1984. It is contracted with the Centers for Medicare & A Medicaid Services. Its charge isWork with Michigan Medicare suppliers to better(p) the whole tone of attention for its endorsers.Promote all Michigan Medicare suppliers to follow grounds based medical specialty in all scenes.Protect the unity of the Medicare Trust Fund, by doing certain that Medicare pays merely for goods and services that are medically necessary that are performed in a square-toed medical scene.Protect the endorsers by look intoing their ailments and entreaties.QIO besides provides consultative services, medical and ut ilization reappraisals, informations analysis tofederal bureaus, province Medicaid and public wellness bureaus, health care installations, and private wellness programs and 3rd party remunerators. QIO consists of a categorization of physician referees, clinical tone of voice betterment and patient caoutchouc experts and statisticians. QIO serves infirmaries, nursing places, place wellness attention, physician offices and managed attention scenes ( MPRO.org ) .MPRO s wellness attention quality betterment plans include legion preparations and go oning teaching method events for Michigan suppliers across all scenes. Many events are free and Continuing Education Creditss are besides available. MPRO assists Michigan Medicare suppliers ( free of charge ) to better the quality and bringing of their wellness attention by the execution of evidence-based medical specialty that improves procedures and results. Areas of coverage includeBeneficiary ProtectionPatient Safety legal professionTo better quality, safety and efficiency, MPRO publishes booklets for Medicare donees, explicating their rights as a donee ( MPRO, org ) . separate countries of service includeBreast pubic louse and cervical Cancer Control Program ( BCCCP )Independent Medical ReviewInformal Dispute Resolution ( IDR )Long Term Care RemediationCare conformation Solutions for Long Term Care ProvidersMedicaid Fee-for-Service Utilization Review ProgramExternal Quality Review ( EQR )MPRO is conduct oning a Care Transitions undertaking in the middle Michigan country ( specifically, Clinton, Eaton and Ingham counties ) to measurably better the quality of attention of Medicare donees who transition between attention scenes. MPRO focuses on bettering coordination of attention between suppliers and across the continuum of attention by advancing seamless passages from the infirmary to place, skilled nursing attention, place wellness attention or other suppliers to forestall evitable readmission to the infirma ry ( MPRO.org ) .The end of the Prevention Theme is to better the quality and frequence of prohibitive wellness attention services in order to optimise beneficiary quality of tone and wellness attention efficiencies ( MPRO.org )The Prevention Theme focuses on the succeeding(prenominal) clinical subjectsBreast CancerColorectal Cancer ( CRC ) showingInfluenza ImmunizationsPneumococcal ImmunizationsProfessionalism in health CareProfessionalism Hard to specify, but you know it when you see it. Medical cleanss are non Torahs, but criterions of behavior by and large accepted as moral guidelines for behaviour, by which a professional may mensurate the decorum of his or her behavior in relationship with patients, doctors, colleagues, the authorities, and insurance companies. Acting with ethical behaviour agencies to transporting out duties with unity, decency, honestness, skill, consideration, regard, equity, trust, and bravery. The American Medical Association ( AMA ) adopted a codi fication of moralss for the benefit of the wellness professional in 1980. The earnings Health Coalition developed an eHealth Code of morals to protect patient s information on the Internet ( Fordney, 2008 ) .An person must hold a assortment of features or qualities to work good as aninsurance charge or coding specializer. Some of these qualities areStrong critical thought and comprehensive reading accomplishmentsLogical and practical mind every bit good as a inventive job convergent thinkerGood organisational accomplishmentsDetail orientedOne s properties, accomplishments, personal image and behavior all contribute to professionalism ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Webster s Collegiate Dictionary defines professionalism as the behavior, aims or qualities that specify or mark a profession or a professional individual . All professionals portion common features and a codification to stay by. just it is non what we do as a professional, but how we do it, that defines the medical professional ism. It is the unconditioned lovingness of the patient, irrespective of their ability to pay or their station in life ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Most everyone knows instinctively what is meant when they hear the words he s so professional. This evokes an image of high competency and high moralss person commanding regard. All countries of professionalism has a codification of behavior, it is non alone to the medical profession. This codification is the moral compass that keeps us on the consecutive and narrow. It will be our moralss that will separate us as a true professional ( Fordney, 2008 ) .Standards of Ethical CryptographyCoding professionals should afford accurate, complete, and consistent cryptography patterns for the production of high-quality health care informations.Report all health care informations elements ( e.g. diagnosing and process codifications, present on admittance index, discharge position ) required for external coverage intents ( e.g. reimbursement and other admin istrative utilizations, population wellness, quality and patient safety measuring, and research ) wholly and accurately, in conformity with regulatory and certification criterions and demands and applicable functionary coding conventions, regulations, and guidelines. sequester and study merely the codifications and informations that are clearly and systematically supported by wellness record certification in conformity with applicable codification set and abstraction conventions, regulations, and guidelines.Question supplier ( physician or other qualified health care practician ) for elucidation and extra certification prior to code assignment when there is conflicting, uncomplete, or equivocal information in the wellness record sing a important reportable status or process or other reportable informations component restricted on wellness record certification ( e.g. nowadays on admittance index ) . garbage to alter reported codifications or the narrations of codifications so that s ignificances are misrepresented.drivel to take part in or back up cryptography or certification patterns intended to unsuitably increase payment, measure up for insurance policy coverage, or skew informations by agencies that do non follow with federal and province legislative acts, ordinances and authoritative regulations and guidelines.Facilitate interdisciplinary coaction in state of affairss back uping proper cryptography patterns.Advance coding cognition and pattern through go oning instruction.Garbage to take part in or kill unethical cryptography or abstraction patterns or processs.Protect the confidentiality of the wellness record at all times and garbage to entree protected wellness information non required for coding-related activities ( illustrations of coding-related activities include completion of codification assignment, other wellness record information abstraction, coding audits, and educational intents ) .Demonstrate behaviour that reflects unity, shows a commit tedness to ethical and legal cryptography patterns, and Fosters trust in professional activities ( AHIMA.org ) . Revised and approved by the class of Delegates 09/08. All rights reserved. Reprint and cite merely with proper mention to AHIMA s writing.The national accountThe national Register is the day-to-day official diary of the Federal Government of the United States that contains public notices of authorities bureaus. The Federal Register is compiled by the Office of the Federal Register ( within the National Archives and Records Administration ) and is printed by the Government Printing Office. Since it is a publication of the U.S. Government, there are no copyright limitations on the Federal Register. It is in the public sphere and contains proposed new regulations and ordinances, final regulations, alterations to bing regulations, and notices of meetings and adjudicative proceedings. This is a good mention for alterations in the wellness industry and maintaining abreast of approaching alterations. recitation of a concluding regulationHealth Insurance ReformAlterations to Electronic DataTransaction Standards and Code SetsAGENCY Office of the Secretary, HHS.Action Concluding regulation.summary In this concluding regulation, we respond to public remarks received and finalize commissariats applicable to electronic informations dealing criterions from two related proposed regulations published in the May 31, 2002, Federal Register. We are besides following proposed alterations to execution of instrument specifications for wellness attention entities and others. In add-on, we are followingalterations to implementation specifications for several electronic dealing criterions that were omitted from the May 31, 2002, proposed regulations. legal Dates These ordinances are effectual on March 24, 2003.A164.500 revise 6. A In 164.500 ( B ) ( 1 ) ( four ) , take the words including the appellation of wellness attention constituents of a covered entity .A 165 .501 Amended 7. In A164.501, the definitions of the undermentioned footings are removed Covered maps Disclosure, Individual, nonionised wellness attention agreement, Plan sponsor protect wellnessinformation, Required by jurisprudence, and Use.A 164.504 Amended 8. In A164.504, the undermentioned alterations are madea. The definitions of the undermentioned footings are removed Common control, Common ownership, Health attention constituent, and Hybrid entity. B. Paragraphs ( B ) through ( vitamin D ) are removed and reserved.Authority Sections 1173 and 1175 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1329d-2 and1320-4 ) . Dated January 13, 2003.Tommy G. Thompson,Secretary. FR Doc. 03-3877 Filed 2-13-03 845 am